In Vitro Effects of High-Intensity Laser Photobiomodulation on Equine Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cell Viability and Cytokine Expression.
Abstract: This study aimed to examine the influence of neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) laser irradiation on equine bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) viability, proliferation, and cytokine expression in vitro. Background: Photobiomodulation of cells using monochromatic light is a technique designed to influence cellular processes. Previous studies have shown dose-dependent effects of low-level laser irradiation on cell proliferation and cytokine expression in a range of cell types and species. Evidence for the influence of 1064 nm wavelength near-infrared irradiation on MSCs is sparse, and high-energy doses have shown inhibitory effects. Methods: MSC cultures from six horses were exposed to 1064 nm irradiation with an energy density of 9.77 J/cm and a mean output power of 13.0 W for 10 sec. MSC viability and proliferation were evaluated through flow cytometry and real-time live cell analysis. Gene expression and cytokine production in the first 24 h after irradiation were analyzed through polymerase chain reaction (PCR), multiplex assay, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: No difference in viability was detected between irradiated and control MSCs. Irradiated cells demonstrated slightly lower proliferation rates, but remained within 3.5% confluence of control cells. Twenty-four hours after irradiation, irradiated MSCs demonstrated a significant increase in expression of interleukin (IL)-10 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) compared with control MSCs. Conclusions: Under these irradiation parameters, equine MSCs remained viable and expressed increased concentrations of IL-10 and VEGF. IL-10 has an anti-inflammatory action by inhibiting the synthesis of proinflammatory cytokines at the transcriptional level. This response to 1064 nm irradiation shows promise in the photobiomodulation of MSCs to enhance their therapeutic properties.
Publication Date: 2017-11-13 PubMed ID: 29131717DOI: 10.1089/pho.2017.4344Google Scholar: Lookup
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- Journal Article
Summary
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This research explored the impact of a type of laser irradiation on the viability and cytokine expression of stem cells derived from horse bone marrow in a laboratory setting. The researchers found that such irradiation did not harm these stem cells and prompted an increase in the production of certain beneficial substances.
Objective and Background
- The study sought to understand how irradiation from a particular kind of laser — the neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) — affected the survival, growth, and cytokine production of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) obtained from equine bone marrow.
- Cytokines are proteins that play an integral part in cell signaling, and their release can be manipulated using various methods of photobiomodulation — applying light to change cellular behavior.
- The research adds to the limited existing literature investigating the effects of high-energy, near-infrared irradiation with 1064 nm wavelength on MSCs. Earlier research suggested high-energy doses might inhibit the activity in these stem cells.
Methodology
- MSCs from six horses underwent irradiation using the Nd:YAG laser with a specified energy density and duration.
- To evaluate the effect of irradiation on cell survival and growth, scientists conducted flow cytometry (a technique used to measure various characteristics of cells) and real-time live cell analysis
- Another assessment took place 24 hours post-irradiation to gauge gene expression and cytokine production using techniques like polymerase chain reaction (PCR), multiplex assays, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays.
Results
- The research team did not find any significant difference in the vitality of the irradiated and non-irradiated MSCs.
- Although the irradiated cells exhibited slightly slower growth, they remained very close (within 3.5% confluence) to the controls.
- A day after undergoing irradiation, the MSCs showed a significant increase in the production of interleukin (IL)-10 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). These substances are known for their anti-inflammatory properties and their capacity to promote blood vessel formation, respectively.
Conclusion
- The study concluded that when irradiated under the specified conditions, equine MSCs remained healthy and produced elevated levels of IL-10 and VEGF. This overproduction of these substances — particularly IL-10 — could be exploited to inhibit the synthesis of pro-inflammatory cytokines at the transcription level.
- This kind of photobiomodulation using the Nd:YAG laser’s 1064 nm irradiation could potentially be harnessed to enhance the therapeutic properties of MSCs.
Cite This Article
APA
Peat FJ, Colbath AC, Bentsen LM, Goodrich LR, King MR.
(2017).
In Vitro Effects of High-Intensity Laser Photobiomodulation on Equine Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cell Viability and Cytokine Expression.
Photomed Laser Surg, 36(2), 83-91.
https://doi.org/10.1089/pho.2017.4344 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Orthopaedic Research Center, Colorado State University Veterinary Teaching Hospital , Fort Collins, Colorado.
- Orthopaedic Research Center, Colorado State University Veterinary Teaching Hospital , Fort Collins, Colorado.
- Orthopaedic Research Center, Colorado State University Veterinary Teaching Hospital , Fort Collins, Colorado.
- Orthopaedic Research Center, Colorado State University Veterinary Teaching Hospital , Fort Collins, Colorado.
- Orthopaedic Research Center, Colorado State University Veterinary Teaching Hospital , Fort Collins, Colorado.
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Cell Proliferation / radiation effects
- Cell Survival / radiation effects
- Cells, Cultured
- Cytokines / metabolism
- Cytokines / radiation effects
- Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay / methods
- Horses
- In Vitro Techniques
- Lasers, Solid-State
- Low-Level Light Therapy / methods
- Mesenchymal Stem Cells / radiation effects
- Polymerase Chain Reaction / methods
- Radiotherapy Dosage
- Sensitivity and Specificity
Citations
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