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Journal of clinical microbiology2015; 54(3); 631-639; doi: 10.1128/JCM.02861-15

In Vitro Efficacy of Nonantibiotic Treatments on Biofilm Disruption of Gram-Negative Pathogens and an In Vivo Model of Infectious Endometritis Utilizing Isolates from the Equine Uterus.

Abstract: In this study, we evaluated the ability of the equine clinical treatments N-acetylcysteine, EDTA, and hydrogen peroxide to disrupt in vitro biofilms and kill equine reproductive pathogens (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, or Klebsiella pneumoniae) isolated from clinical cases. N-acetylcysteine (3.3%) decreased biofilm biomass and killed bacteria within the biofilms of E. coli isolates. The CFU of recoverable P. aeruginosa and K. pneumoniae isolates were decreased, but the biofilm biomass was unchanged. Exposure to hydrogen peroxide (1%) decreased the biofilm biomass and reduced the CFU of E. coli isolates, K. pneumoniae isolates were observed to have a reduction in CFU, and minimal effects were observed for P. aeruginosa isolates. Chelating agents (EDTA formulations) reduced E. coli CFU but were ineffective at disrupting preformed biofilms or decreasing the CFU of P. aeruginosa and K. pneumoniae within a biofilm. No single nonantibiotic treatment commonly used in equine veterinary practice was able to reduce the CFU and biofilm biomass of all three Gram-negative species of bacteria evaluated. An in vivo equine model of infectious endometritis was also developed to monitor biofilm formation, utilizing bioluminescence imaging with equine P. aeruginosa isolates from this study. Following infection, the endometrial surface contained focal areas of bacterial growth encased in a strongly adherent "biofilm-like" matrix, suggesting that biofilms are present during clinical cases of infectious equine endometritis. Our results indicate that Gram-negative bacteria isolated from the equine uterus are capable of producing a biofilm in vitro, and P. aeruginosa is capable of producing biofilm-like material in vivo.
Copyright © 2016, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.
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Publication Date: 2015-12-30 PubMed ID: 26719448PubMed Central: PMC4768000DOI: 10.1128/JCM.02861-15Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This study explores how various non-antibiotic treatments such as N-acetylcysteine, EDTA, and hydrogen peroxide affect the biofilms of Gram-negative bacteria that cause reproductive infections in horses. It also introduces a new in vivo model to observe biofilm formation in horses. However, none of these non-antibiotic methods were found to be completely effective against all three studied bacterial species.

Objective of the Study

  • The main aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro effectiveness of non-antibiotic treatments (N-acetylcysteine, EDTA, and hydrogen peroxide) in disrupting biofilms and eliminating equine reproductive pathogens such as Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Klebsiella pneumoniae.
  • In addition, an in vivo model of infectious endometritis was developed, using equine P. aeruginosa isolates, to study and monitor biofilm formation.

Procedure and Findings

  • The researchers discovered that a 3.3% concentration of N-acetylcysteine could decrease the biofilm biomass of E. coli and kill the bacteria within the biofilms. However, while it reduced the amount of recoverable P. aeruginosa and K. pneumoniae, it did not change their biofilm biomass.
  • Hydrogen peroxide (1%) was found to reduce both the biofilm biomass and the amount of recoverable E. coli and K. pneumoniae. However, its effects on P. aeruginosa were minimal.
  • The use of chelating agents such as EDTA formulations was able to reduce E. coli presence but had no effect on altering preformed biofilms or in decreasing the amount of P. aeruginosa and K. pneumoniae within a biofilm.
  • Regrettably, no single non-antibiotic treatment commonly used in equine veterinary practice was able to reduce both the amount of bacteria and the biofilm biomass for all three Gram-negative species evaluated in the study.

Development of an in vivo model

  • As a part of the study, an in vivo equine model of infectious endometritis was also created. This was done by infecting horses with P. aeruginosa and monitoring the formation of biofilms using bioluminescence imaging. The results provided evidence that biofilms are present during clinical cases of infectious equine endometritis.
  • This confirms that Gram-negative bacteria isolated from the equine uterus have the capability to produce a biofilm in vitro and, notably, that P. aeruginosa can produce biofilm-like material in vivo.

Cite This Article

APA
Ferris RA, McCue PM, Borlee GI, Loncar KD, Hennet ML, Borlee BR. (2015). In Vitro Efficacy of Nonantibiotic Treatments on Biofilm Disruption of Gram-Negative Pathogens and an In Vivo Model of Infectious Endometritis Utilizing Isolates from the Equine Uterus. J Clin Microbiol, 54(3), 631-639. https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.02861-15

Publication

Journal of clinical microbiology
ISSN: 1098-660X
NlmUniqueID: 7505564
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 54
Issue: 3
Pages: 631-639

Researcher Affiliations

Ferris, Ryan A
  • Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA rferris@colostate.edu brad.borlee@colostate.edu.
McCue, Patrick M
  • Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA.
Borlee, Grace I
  • Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA.
Loncar, Kristen D
  • Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA.
Hennet, Margo L
  • Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA.
Borlee, Bradley R
  • Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA rferris@colostate.edu brad.borlee@colostate.edu.

MeSH Terms

  • Acetylcysteine / pharmacology
  • Animals
  • Anti-Infective Agents / pharmacology
  • Biofilms / drug effects
  • Biofilms / growth & development
  • Biomass
  • Disease Models, Animal
  • Edetic Acid / pharmacology
  • Endometritis / drug therapy
  • Endometritis / microbiology
  • Female
  • Gram-Negative Bacteria / isolation & purification
  • Gram-Negative Bacteria / physiology
  • Horses
  • Hydrogen Peroxide / pharmacology
  • Luminescent Measurements
  • Microbial Viability / drug effects
  • Staining and Labeling / methods
  • Uterus / microbiology

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