In vitro inhibition of blood cholinesterase activities from horse, cow, and rat by tetrachlorvinphos.
Abstract: The organophosphorus insecticide tetrachlorvinphos (TCVP) is commonly used as a feed-through larvicide in many livestock species, including cattle and horses. Cholinesterase (ChE) activity in blood (generally plasma or whole blood) is often employed to assess organophosphorus insecticide intoxication in animals as well as humans. In many species, including horse and man, plasma contains predominantly butyrylcholinesterase whereas red blood cells in all species express exclusively acetylcholinesterase. To evalulate the comparative interaction of TCVP with blood ChEs in different species, we compared the in vitro sensitivity of ChE activity in plasma and erythrocytes from horse, cow, and rat. Horse plasma ChE was most sensitive (IC(50), 30 minutes, 30 degrees C = 97 nM), whereas horse erythrocyte ChE activity was least sensitive (IC(50) > 1 mM). In contrast, cow plasma ChE showed lower sensitivity (IC(50) = 784 microM) to inhibition by TCVP than erythrocyte ChE (IC(50) = 216 microM). Rat plasma and erythrocyte ChE activities had relatively similar sensitivity to TCVP (IC(50) = 54 microM and 78 microM, respectively). The results suggest that plasma and erythrocyte ChE from horse, cow, and rat show marked species- and blood fraction-dependent differences in sensitivity to TCVP. Knowledge of such differences in sensitivity of blood ChE activities to TCVP may be important in the clinical interpretation of intoxication with this pesticide across species.
Publication Date: 2003-12-19 PubMed ID: 14680990DOI: 10.1177/109158180302200604Google Scholar: Lookup
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- Journal Article
Summary
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The research focused on how an insecticide, tetrachlorvinphos (TCVP), affects blood cholinesterase (ChE) activity in horses, cows, and rats. The findings suggest that the species and the blood type (plasma or erythrocytes) have significant roles in the sensitivity towards TCVP.
Background
- The organophosphorus insecticide tetrachlorvinphos (TCVP) is an insecticide used frequently in many livestock species, including horses and cattle.
- One mode of assessment for toxicity from such insecticides is the cholinesterase (ChE) activity in blood, both in animals and humans.
- ChE activity varies between species and also depends on the type of blood, being more prevalent in plasma in some animals like horses and humans and exclusively present in red blood cells in all species.
Aim of the Research
- The research was primarily conducted to evaluate the interaction of TCVP with blood ChEs in different species and to identify any significant differences.
- To achieve this, in vitro trials were conducted comparing the sensitivity of ChE activity in horse, cow, and rat plasma and erythrocytes.
Findings
- The research found that horse plasma ChE was most sensitive to TCVP, while horse erythrocyte ChE activity was least sensitive.
- On the contrary, cow plasma ChE demonstrated lower sensitivity to TCVP than its erythrocyte ChE.
- Rat plasma and erythrocyte ChE activities showed a similar kind of sensitivity towards TCVP.
- The findings suggest that different species and blood fractions show varying degrees of sensitivity to TCVP.
Implications
- Understanding these species-specific and blood type-specific differences in sensitivity towards TCVP is useful when interpreting clinical cases of intoxication caused by this pesticide.
- This knowledge can aid in more accurate diagnosis and treatment as it can provide insights on species that are more vulnerable to TCVP poisoning.
- Such information can also help in developing preventive measures for those species showing higher sensitivity towards TCVP.
Cite This Article
APA
Karanth S, Pope C.
(2003).
In vitro inhibition of blood cholinesterase activities from horse, cow, and rat by tetrachlorvinphos.
Int J Toxicol, 22(6), 429-433.
https://doi.org/10.1177/109158180302200604 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, USA. karanth@okstate.edu
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Cattle
- Cholinesterase Inhibitors / toxicity
- Cholinesterases / blood
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Erythrocytes / drug effects
- Erythrocytes / enzymology
- Horses
- Inhibitory Concentration 50
- Insecticides / toxicity
- Male
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Species Specificity
- Tetrachlorvinphos / toxicity
Citations
This article has been cited 4 times.- Dafferner AJ, Lushchekina S, Masson P, Xiao G, Schopfer LM, Lockridge O. Characterization of butyrylcholinesterase in bovine serum. Chem Biol Interact 2017 Mar 25;266:17-27.
- Alias AS, Al-Zubaidy MH, Mousa YJ, Mohammad FK. Plasma and whole brain cholinesterase activities in three wild bird species in Mosul, IRAQ: In vitro inhibition by insecticides. Interdiscip Toxicol 2011 Sep;4(3):144-8.
- Berger J, Valdez S, Puschner B, Leutenegger CM, Gardner IA, Madigan JE. Effects of oral tetrachlorvinphos fly control (Equitrol) administration in horses: physiological and behavioural findings. Vet Res Commun 2008 Jan;32(1):75-92.
- Lehner AF, Samsing F, Rumbeiha WK. Organophosphate ester flame retardant-induced acute intoxications in dogs. J Med Toxicol 2010 Dec;6(4):448-58.
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