In vitro interference between equine herpesvirus types 1 and 2.
Abstract: Interference between equine herpesvirus types 1 (EHV-1) and 2 (EHV-2) was studied in equine dermis (ED) monolayer cell cultures and equine lymphocyte cultures. Cell cultures were infected with EHV-2, and after a short incubation period, the cultures were superinfected with EHV-1. At various intervals, different measurements of EHV-1 expression in dually infected cultures, compared with those in cultures infected with EHV-1 alone, were studied. In dually infected ED cell cultures, the EHV-1 cytopathic effect, EHV-1 titer, and EHV-1 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay antigen titer were maximally reduced to values of 40%, 58.5%, and 54.9%, respectively, at postsuperinfection hour (PSIH) 36. Values of these EHV-1 expressions were subsequently increased at PSIH 48. However, thymidine kinase activity was reduced to a maximum of 67.3% reduction at PSIH 48. In dually infected lymphocyte cultures, the EHV-1 titer, EHV-1 infective centers, EHV-1 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay antigen titer, and thymidine kinase activity were maximally reduced to values of 77.4%, 78.7%, 98.3%, and 72.9%, respectively, at PSIH 24. These reductions of EHV-1 expressions were completely abrogated at PSIH 48 to 72. In both cell culture systems, a marked interference of EHV-1 by EHV-2 was observed; this was transient in the lymphocyte cultures, but was more prolonged in ED cell cultures. This interference appeared not to be interferon mediated. The multiplication of EHV-2 in the dually infected ED cell cultures appeared unaffected.
Publication Date: 1986-04-01 PubMed ID: 2421620
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- Journal Article
- Research Support
- U.S. Gov't
- Non-P.H.S.
Summary
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The study examines the interference between equine herpesvirus types 1 (EHV-1) and 2 (EHV-2) in horse skin cell (ED) and lymphocyte cultures, observing a marked interference of EHV-1 by EHV-2, the effect of which was more prolonged in skin cell cultures.
Methodology
- The scientists started the experiment by infecting equine skin cell cultures and equine lymphocyte cultures with EHV-2.
- After a short incubation period, these cultures were then superinfected with EHV-1, creating cultures with dual EHV infections.
- The team then studied the impact of EHV-2 on EHV-1 expression at various time intervals, comparing these cultures to those infected with only EHV-1.
Results
- In the dually-infected skin cell cultures, the cytopathic effect, titer, and antigen titer of EHV-1 were significantly reduced, with the largest reductions seen at 36 hours after superinfection.
- However, these measures of EHV-1 expressions were increased at 48 hours post superinfection, while thymidine kinase activity was reduced to a maximum of 67.3% at the same time point.
- In the dual-infected lymphocyte cultures, the EHV-1 titer, infective centers, antigen titer, and thymidine kinase activity reached their lowest values 24 hours after superinfection. All of these measures of EHV-1 expressions returned to normal between 48 to 72 hours post superinfection.
- The researchers observed that EHV-1 was significantly affected by the presence of EHV-2. This effect was transient in the lymphocyte cultures but persisted longer in the skin cell cultures.
- Furthermore, the interference of EHV-1 by EHV-2 was not mediated by interferon, part of a body’s immune response to viruses.
- The replication of EHV-2 in the dual-infection skin cell cultures remained unfazed, indicating that EHV-2 may have an advantage in a dual-infection scenario.
Conclusion
- This research provides significant insights into how multiple virus strains can interact within a host and impact each other’s activity.
- It could contribute to preparative measures and development of therapies against co-infections. Furthermore, it might offer insights into ways for controlling disease spread in equine populations and beyond.
Cite This Article
APA
Dutta SK, Myrup AC, Thaker SR.
(1986).
In vitro interference between equine herpesvirus types 1 and 2.
Am J Vet Res, 47(4), 747-750.
Publication
Researcher Affiliations
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Antigens, Viral / analysis
- Cell Line
- Cell Transformation, Viral
- Cells, Cultured
- Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
- Herpesviridae / genetics
- Herpesviridae / growth & development
- Herpesviridae Infections / veterinary
- Horse Diseases / microbiology
- Horses
- Interferons / analysis
- Lymphocytes / cytology
- Skin
- Thymidine Kinase / genetics
Citations
This article has been cited 7 times.- Marenzoni ML, Stefanetti V, Danzetta ML, Timoney PJ. Gammaherpesvirus infections in equids: a review.. Vet Med (Auckl) 2015;6:91-101.
- Kumar N, Sharma S, Barua S, Tripathi BN, Rouse BT. Virological and Immunological Outcomes of Coinfections.. Clin Microbiol Rev 2018 Oct;31(4).
- Criddle A, Thornburg T, Kochetkova I, DePartee M, Taylor MP. gD-Independent Superinfection Exclusion of Alphaherpesviruses.. J Virol 2016 Apr;90(8):4049-58.
- Zhou N, Xing G, Zhou J, Jin Y, Liang C, Gu J, Hu B, Liao M, Wang Q, Zhou J. In Vitro Coinfection and Replication of Classical Swine Fever Virus and Porcine Circovirus Type 2 in PK15 Cells.. PLoS One 2015;10(10):e0139457.
- Sloutskin A, Yee MB, Kinchington PR, Goldstein RS. Varicella-zoster virus and herpes simplex virus 1 can infect and replicate in the same neurons whether co- or superinfected.. J Virol 2014 May;88(9):5079-86.
- Kobiler O, Lipman Y, Therkelsen K, Daubechies I, Enquist LW. Herpesviruses carrying a Brainbow cassette reveal replication and expression of limited numbers of incoming genomes.. Nat Commun 2010;1:146.
- Meurens F, Schynts F, Keil GM, Muylkens B, Vanderplasschen A, Gallego P, Thiry E. Superinfection prevents recombination of the alphaherpesvirus bovine herpesvirus 1.. J Virol 2004 Apr;78(8):3872-9.
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