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Home / Equine Research Bank / BMC Vet Res / In vitro susceptibility of Borrelia burgdorferi isolates to ...
BMC veterinary research2017; 13(1); 293; doi: 10.1186/s12917-017-1212-3

In vitro susceptibility of Borrelia burgdorferi isolates to three antibiotics commonly used for treating equine Lyme disease.

Abstract: Lyme disease in humans is predominantly treated with tetracycline, macrolides or beta lactam antibiotics that have low minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) against Borrelia burgdorferi. Horses with Lyme disease may require long-term treatment making frequent intravenous or intramuscular treatment difficult and when administered orally those drugs may have either a high incidence of side effects or have poor bioavailability. The aim of the present study was to determine the in vitro susceptibility of three B. burgdorferi isolates to three antibiotics of different classes that are commonly used in practice for treating Borrelia infections in horses. Results: Broth microdilution assays were used to determine minimum inhibitory concentration of three antibiotics (ceftiofur sodium, minocycline and metronidazole), for three Borrelia burgdorferi isolates. Barbour-Stoner-Kelly (BSK K + R) medium with a final inoculum of 106 Borrelia cells/mL and incubation periods of 72 h were used in the determination of MICs. Observed MICs indicated that all isolates had similar susceptibility to each drug but susceptibility to the tested antimicrobial agents varied; ceftiofur sodium (MIC = 0.08 μg/ml), minocycline hydrochloride (MIC = 0.8 μg/ml) and metronidazole (MIC = 50 μg/ml). Conclusions: The MIC against B. burgorferi varied among the three antibiotics with ceftiofur having the lowest MIC and metronidazole the highest MIC. The MIC values observed for ceftiofur in the study fall within the range of reported serum and tissue concentrations for the drug metabolite following ceftiofur sodium administration as crystalline-free acid. Minocycline and metronidazole treatments, as currently used in equine practice, could fall short of attaining MIC concentrations for B. burgdorferi.
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Publication Date: 2017-09-29 PubMed ID: 28962614PubMed Central: PMC5622483DOI: 10.1186/s12917-017-1212-3Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The study assessed the effectiveness of three commonly used antibiotics against Borrelia burgdorferi, the bacteria responsible for Lyme disease in horses. The research showed varied effectiveness levels between the antibiotics, with ceftiofur sodium performing most effectively.

Research Methodology

  • The study aimed to examine the potency of three antibiotics against the Borrelia burgdorferi bacterium. This bacterium is primarily responsible for Lyme disease, a condition that can also afflict horses, often requiring long-term treatment.
  • The antibiotics included in the experiment were ceftiofur sodium, minocycline, and metronidazole. These drugs were chosen due to their frequent use in treating Borrelia infections in equine practice.
  • The researchers utilized something known as a ‘broth microdilution assay’ to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of these antibiotics against three different Borrelia burgdorferi isolates.
  • Minimum inhibitory concentration is the lowest concentration of an antibiotic that prevents visible growth of a bacterium. In this study, a specific medium, Barbour-Stoner-Kelly (BSK K+R), was used along with an inoculum of 106 Borrelia cells/mL for a period of 72 hours to determine these MICs.

Results and Conclusions

  • The results displayed similar susceptibility levels of all the Borrelia burgdorferi isolates to the studied drugs, but the effectiveness of each antibiotic varied.
  • Ceftiofur sodium proved to be the most effective with the lowest MIC value, 0.08 μg/ml, indicating the highest level of potency against B. burgdorferi.
  • Minocycline hydrochloride showed promising results as well with an MIC value of 0.8 μg/ml.
  • Metronidazole was the least effective of the three antibiotics, showcasing an MIC value of 50 μg/ml.
  • Based on these findings, minocycline and metronidazole treatments, in their current form, might not meet the necessary MIC concentrations to effectively combat B. burgdorferi in horses.
  • However, the study revealed that ceftiofur sodium’s MIC values are within the reported serum and tissue concentrations following administration of the antibiotic, highlighting its potential efficacy in treating Lyme disease.

Cite This Article

APA
Caol S, Divers T, Crisman M, Chang YF. (2017). In vitro susceptibility of Borrelia burgdorferi isolates to three antibiotics commonly used for treating equine Lyme disease. BMC Vet Res, 13(1), 293. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-017-1212-3

Publication

BMC veterinary research
ISSN: 1746-6148
NlmUniqueID: 101249759
Country: England
Language: English
Volume: 13
Issue: 1
Pages: 293

Researcher Affiliations

Caol, Sanjie
  • Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.
  • Currently Research Center of Swine Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.
Divers, Thomas
  • Department of Clinical Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA. tjd8@cornell.edu.
Crisman, Mark
  • Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA.
Chang, Yung-Fu
  • Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Anti-Bacterial Agents / pharmacology
  • Borrelia burgdorferi / drug effects
  • Borrelia burgdorferi / isolation & purification
  • Cephalosporins / pharmacology
  • Horse Diseases / drug therapy
  • Horse Diseases / microbiology
  • Horses
  • Lyme Disease / drug therapy
  • Lyme Disease / veterinary
  • Metronidazole / pharmacology
  • Microbial Sensitivity Tests
  • Minocycline / pharmacology

Conflict of Interest Statement

ETHICS APPROVAL: No animals or animal samples were used in the study and Cornell Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) approval was not required. COMPETING INTERESTS: Dr. Crisman is employed by Zoetis. PUBLISHER’S NOTE: Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

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Citations

This article has been cited 4 times.
  1. Hunfeld KP, Kraiczy P, Norris DE, Lohr B. The In Vitro Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato: Shedding Light on the Known Unknowns. Pathogens 2023 Sep 28;12(10).
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  2. Lynch A, Pearson P, Savinov SN, Li AY, Rich SM. Lactate Dehydrogenase Inhibitors Suppress Borrelia burgdorferi Growth In Vitro. Pathogens 2023 Jul 22;12(7).
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  3. Guarino C, Pinn-Woodcock T, Levine DG, Miller J, Johnson AL. Case Report: Nuchal Bursitis Associated With Borrelia burgdorferi Infection in a Horse. Front Vet Sci 2021;8:743067.
    doi: 10.3389/fvets.2021.743067pubmed: 34631864google scholar: lookup
  4. Divers TJ, Gardner RB, Madigan JE, Witonsky SG, Bertone JJ, Swinebroad EL, Schutzer SE, Johnson AL. Borrelia burgdorferi Infection and Lyme Disease in North American Horses: A Consensus Statement. J Vet Intern Med 2018 Mar;32(2):617-632.
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