In vivo activation of equine eosinophils and neutrophils by experimental Strongylus vulgaris infections.
Abstract: Eosinophils and neutrophils from ponies with Strongylus vulgaris-induced eosinophilia (eosinophilic ponies; activated eosinophils and neutrophils) were assayed in vitro for chemotactic and chemokinetic responses to zymosan-activated serum (ZAS) using the filter system in Boyden chambers, for Fc and complement (C) receptors using the EA and EAC-rosette assays, respectively, and for phagocytic and bactericidal activities using opsonized Escherichia coli and the acridine orange method. The responses of activated eosinophils and neutrophils in the above assays were compared with those of eosinophils and neutrophils from S. vulgaris-naive ponies without eosinophilia (noneosinophilic ponies; nonactivated eosinophils and neutrophils). Differences in cell density following centrifugation in a continuous Percoll gradient were used to further characterize the heterogeneity of activated eosinophils and neutrophils. Activated and nonactivated eosinophils demonstrated similar chemotactic responses to ZAS while activated and nonactivated neutrophils demonstrated similar chemokinetic responses to ZAS. A higher percentage of activated eosinophils and neutrophils expressed Fc and C receptors compared with nonactivated cells (P less than 0.05). Generally, higher percentages of eosinophils and neutrophils expressed C than Fc receptors. However, the percentage of neutrophils with both receptors was higher than that of eosinophils. Phagocytosis and killing of E. coli by either type of eosinophil were not consistently observed. Both activated and nonactivated neutrophils phagocytized E. coli and significant differences between the two cell types were not observed. The bacterial activity, however, of activated neutrophils was significantly greater than that obtained using nonactivated neutrophils (P less than 0.05). Activated eosinophils and neutrophils were both separated into two distinct fractions based on differences in cell densities. A higher percentage of band 2 eosinophils (density of 1.106) expressed C receptors than did band 1 eosinophils (density of 1.049) (P less than 0.05). A higher percentage of band 1 neutrophils (density of 1.072) expressed both Fc and C receptors and these neutrophils were more phagocytic and bactericidal than were band 2 neutrophils (density of 1.082) (P less than 0.05). These data suggest that equine eosinophils and neutrophils are activated by chronic S. vulgaris infections.
Publication Date: 1988-12-01 PubMed ID: 3238919DOI: 10.1016/0165-2427(88)90026-8Google Scholar: Lookup
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- Journal Article
- Research Support
- U.S. Gov't
- Non-P.H.S.
Summary
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The study reveals that chronic infections from Strongylus vulgaris in ponies lead to the activation of eosinophils and neutrophils, the two essential types of white blood cells, enhancing their functionalities.
Research Methodology
- The investigators took eosinophils and neutrophils from ponies infected with Strongylus vulgaris, a parasite that causes eosinophilia or a high eosinophil cell count (Activated cells), and compared them with similar cells from non-infected ponies (Non-activated cells).
- Various tests were performed on these cells in vitro, including their attraction and movement towards zymosan-activated serum (ZAS) using Boyden chambers and their ability to bond to Fc and C receptors using rosette assays.
- Additionally, their potential to engulf (phagocytosis) and kill harmful bacteria like Escherichia coli, a process known as bactericidal action, was also tested using the acridine orange method.
- Differences in cell density following centrifugation in a continuous Percoll gradient were used to further distinguish the heterogeneity of the cell populations.
Main Findings
- Phagocytosis of E. Coli by eosinophils was inconsistent, while both activated and non-activated neutrophils were able to engulf these bacteria effectively.
- The bactericidal activity of the activated neutrophils, however, was significantly stronger than the non-activated ones.
- In terms of receptor affinity, a higher number of activated eosinophils and neutrophils had the capability to bind to Fc and C receptors compared to non-activated cells. In general, eosinophils and neutrophils showed higher affinity towards C than to Fc receptors.
- A significant characteristic was revealed when the cells were separated into two distinct bands based on cell density differences. A higher percentage of eosinophils and neutrophils with higher density appeared to express more C receptors and were more capable of phagocytosis and bactericidal actions.
Conclusions
- The data implies that chronic infections with S. vulgaris in ponies result in the activation of equine eosinophils and neutrophils. This enhancement improves their functionality, allowing them to fight off infections more effectively.
- The study provides crucial insights into the defensive mechanisms against parasitic infections in equine species.
Cite This Article
APA
Dennis VA, Klei TR, Chapman MR, Jeffers GW.
(1988).
In vivo activation of equine eosinophils and neutrophils by experimental Strongylus vulgaris infections.
Vet Immunol Immunopathol, 20(1), 61-74.
https://doi.org/10.1016/0165-2427(88)90026-8 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Department of Veterinary Science, Louisiana Agricultural Experiment Station, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge 70803.
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Cell Separation
- Cells, Cultured
- Chemotaxis, Leukocyte
- Eosinophilia / etiology
- Eosinophilia / immunology
- Eosinophilia / pathology
- Eosinophilia / veterinary
- Eosinophils / classification
- Eosinophils / immunology
- Horse Diseases / immunology
- Horse Diseases / pathology
- Horses / immunology
- Nematode Infections / complications
- Nematode Infections / immunology
- Nematode Infections / pathology
- Nematode Infections / veterinary
- Neutrophils / classification
- Neutrophils / immunology
- Phagocytosis
- Receptors, Immunologic / analysis
- Rosette Formation
- Strongylus
Citations
This article has been cited 1 times.- McEwen BJ, Wilcock BP, Eyre P. The effect of leukotriene B4, leukotriene C4, zymosan activated serum, histamine, tabanid extract and N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine on the in vitro migration of equine eosinophils. Can J Vet Res 1990 Oct;54(4):400-4.
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