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Journal of virology1997; 71(7); 5031-5039; doi: 10.1128/JVI.71.7.5031-5039.1997

In vivo dynamics of equine infectious anemia viruses emerging during febrile episodes: insertions/duplications at the principal neutralizing domain.

Abstract: Equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV) is a good model for studying mechanisms generating escaped retrovirus variants. We previously sequenced the entire gp90-encoding region of 22 cDNA clones obtained from five antigenically distinct isolates (F1V to F5V) recovered during febrile episodes in horse 493 experimentally infected with the Japanese virulent EIAV strain V70. The results showed that the mutations occurred in the principal neutralizing domain (PND) by insertions/duplications. In this study, we further characterized the PND of virus isolates sequentially recovered during 22 febrile episodes in seven horses newly infected with V70 or one of the V70-derived variants. Sequencing of 70 cDNA clones derived from the 22 episodes confirmed the generation of various new viral quasispecies with insertions/duplications in the PND. Although the insertion/duplication sequences in a total of 92 cDNA clones were extensively heterogeneous, we hypothesized that all the insertions/duplications occurred during reverse transcription from viral genomic RNA to minus strand DNA. The insertion/duplication regions were derived from a part of the PND sequence, which consisted of five small units. These small units, some with various substitutions and/or deletions, were also generated, especially in regions with insertions/duplications. Of particular note was that all these virus variants, except for two cDNA variants, were generated by essentially four different duplication pathways. Thus, these results extend the significance of insertions/duplications in the PND to the novel generation of EIAV in vivo during febrile episodes.
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Publication Date: 1997-07-01 PubMed ID: 9188568PubMed Central: PMC191736DOI: 10.1128/JVI.71.7.5031-5039.1997Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research investigates how the Equine Infectious Anemia Virus (EIAV) evolves and adapts in horses, specifically during febrile episodes. The study discovered that the virus generates new variations through genetic changes in a portion of its sequence related to immune system recognition.

Research Background and Methodology

  • The focus of this research is the Equine Infectious Anemia Virus (EIAV), which serves as a model for studying how retroviruses evade the immune system by generating variant clones.
  • Previously, the researchers had sequenced the gp90-encoding region of 22 cDNA clones from five distinct EIAV isolates. The results suggested changes within the virus’s Principal Neutralizing Domain (PND), a key area recognized by the immune system, were due to insertions/duplications of genetic material.
  • In this study, they extended their research, examining new infections caused by a virulent EIAV strain known as V70 in seven horses.
  • The team studied 22 febrile (feverish) episodes in these horses, sequencing 70 cDNA clones from these infections.

Results and Interpretation

  • The researchers’ sequencing confirmed that the EIAV virus was generating “quasispecies,” or new viral variants, through insertions/duplications in its PND.
  • These sequences were highly varied, but the researchers hypothesized they all resulted from the reverse transcription process, as the viral RNA is turned into DNA.
  • These insertion/duplication regions corresponded with part of the original PND sequence, consisting of five small units. Some of these units exhibited substitutions or deletions, particularly in regions with insertions/duplications.
  • All of these virus variants (apart from two cDNA variants) resulted from four different pathways of duplication.
  • This study thereby emphasizes the importance of these insertions/duplications in the PND, as it contributes to the creation of new EIAV variants in horses during fever episodes.

Implications and Significance of the Study

  • The findings of this research are important as they show the complexity and adaptability of EIAV, and by implication, other similar retroviruses.
  • The ability of the virus to modify its Principal Neutralizing Domain through insertions/duplications enables it to evade the host immune defenses, leading to persistent infection and increased viral diversity.
  • This study serves as a crucial step in understanding the mechanisms through which retroviruses generate variants and adapt themselves, further contributing to the scientific understanding of virus-host dynamics.

Cite This Article

APA
Zheng YH, Sentsui H, Nakaya T, Kono Y, Ikuta K. (1997). In vivo dynamics of equine infectious anemia viruses emerging during febrile episodes: insertions/duplications at the principal neutralizing domain. J Virol, 71(7), 5031-5039. https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.71.7.5031-5039.1997

Publication

Journal of virology
ISSN: 0022-538X
NlmUniqueID: 0113724
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 71
Issue: 7
Pages: 5031-5039

Researcher Affiliations

Zheng, Y H
  • Section of Serology, Institute of Immunological Science, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Japan.
Sentsui, H
    Nakaya, T
      Kono, Y
        Ikuta, K

          MeSH Terms

          • Amino Acid Sequence
          • Animals
          • Base Sequence
          • DNA, Viral
          • Fever / virology
          • Genetic Variation
          • Glycoproteins
          • Horses
          • Infectious Anemia Virus, Equine / genetics
          • Infectious Anemia Virus, Equine / isolation & purification
          • Infectious Anemia Virus, Equine / pathogenicity
          • Molecular Sequence Data
          • Mutagenesis
          • Neutralization Tests
          • Sequence Analysis, DNA
          • Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
          • Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid
          • Viral Envelope Proteins / genetics
          • Virulence

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          This article has been cited 20 times.
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