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Incremental treadmill exercise until onset of fatigue and its relationship to metabolic response and locomotion pattern.
Abstract: The aim was to study metabolic response and locomotion pattern in Standardbred trotters during incremental treadmill exercise performed by increasing speed by 1 m/s in 1 min steps (start 7 m/s) until the onset of fatigue. The test protocol included determination of oxygen uptake, heart rate (HR), stride length (SL) and stride frequency (SF). Venous blood samples were collected at rest, at the end of each exercise step and after 30 min of recovery. Muscle biopsies were taken at rest and post exercise and muscle temperature was measured after exercise. As horses fatigued at different speed steps (9-11 m/s), variation was seen in running time (180-300 s), oxygen uptake (109-170 ml/kg bwt min), HR (200-225 beats/min), SL (4.4-5.7 m) and SF (116-130 strides/min) at the last speed step. Increased mean plasma lactate concentration (20.5 mmol/l) was seen at onset of fatigue and increased mean uric acid concentration after 30 min of recovery (112.8 mumol/l). After exercise, a decrease was seen in muscle ATP (7.1 mmol/kg d.w.), creatine phosphate (43.9 mmol/kg d.w.) and glycogen (160 mmol/kg d.w.), and an increase was seen in ADP (0.3 mmol/kg d.w.), AMP (0.18 mmol/kg d.w.), IMP (5.8 mmol/kg d.w.) and lactate (100.8 mmol/kg d.w.). At onset of fatigue, muscle temperature varied from 39.9-41.4 degrees C. Running time correlated with SL (r = 0.86), with an increase in IMP (r = 0.79) and AMP (r = 0.70) post exercise and with plasma uric acid concentration (r = 0.74) at 30 min of recovery. SF correlated negatively with the increase in ADP after exercise (r = 0.85). The results of this study indicate that running time during incremental treadmill exercise until the onset of fatigue is related to locomotion pattern and to a marked degree of anaerobic metabolism, especially adenine nucleotide degradation.
Publication Date: 2000-02-05 PubMed ID: 10659279DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.1999.tb05245.xGoogle Scholar: Lookup The Equine Research Bank provides access to a large database of publicly available scientific literature. Inclusion in the Research Bank does not imply endorsement of study methods or findings by Mad Barn.
- Journal Article
- Research Support
- Non-U.S. Gov't
Summary
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The research studies the metabolic responses and gait patterns of Standardbred trotter horses during incremental treadmill exercise until they become tired, showing these are inextricably linked with the level of anaerobic metabolism, especially with the breakdown of adenine nucleotides.
Research Methodology
The research worked with Standardbred trotters, subjecting them to an exercise program on treadmills. The exercise regimen comprised increasing their speed by 1 meter per second in 60-second increments, starting from a speed of 7 m/s, until the horses showed signs of fatigue. Several parameters were determined and assessed:
- Oxygen uptake
- Heart rate (HR)
- Stride length (SL)
- Stride frequency (SF)
Blood samples were collected before the exercise commenced, at the end of each stage of exercise, and 30 minutes after exercising. Also, muscle biopsies were taken before and after the exercise, and their temperature measured after exercising.
Observations
The horses exhibited signs of fatigue at varying stages (9-11 m/s). Consequently, variations were observed in parameters such as running time, oxygen uptake, HR, SL, and SF. A heightened in plasma lactate (20.5 mmol/l) and uric acid (112.8 mumol/l) concentration was noticed at the fatigue onset and 30 minutes after recovery, respectively.
Muscle ATP, creatine phosphate, and glycogen decreased after exercising, while increase was noted in ADP, AMP, IMP, and lactate. At fatigue onset, the muscle temperature varied between 39.9-41.4°C.
Correlation
Running time showed strong positive correlation with SL, increase in AMP and IMP post exercise, and plasma uric acid concentration after 30 minutes of recovery. SF displayed a negative correlation with an increase in ADP post exercise.
Conclusion
The study findings infer that a horse’s running time on incremental treadmill exercise until onset of fatigue is closely associated with its gait pattern and the level of anaerobic metabolic activity, particularly the degradation of adenine nucleotides.
Cite This Article
APA
Schuback K, Essén-Gustavsson B, Persson SG.
(2000).
Incremental treadmill exercise until onset of fatigue and its relationship to metabolic response and locomotion pattern.
Equine Vet J Suppl(30), 337-341.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2042-3306.1999.tb05245.x Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden.
MeSH Terms
- Adenine Nucleotides / metabolism
- Animals
- Exercise Test / veterinary
- Female
- Gait
- Heart Rate
- Horses / metabolism
- Lactic Acid / blood
- Locomotion
- Male
- Muscle Fatigue
- Muscles / metabolism
- Oxygen Consumption
- Physical Conditioning, Animal
- Uric Acid / blood
Citations
This article has been cited 5 times.- Klein DJ, McKeever KH, Mirek ET, Anthony TG. Metabolomic Response of Equine Skeletal Muscle to Acute Fatiguing Exercise and Training. Front Physiol 2020;11:110.
- Parkes RSV, Weller R, Pfau T, Witte TH. The Effect of Training on Stride Duration in a Cohort of Two-Year-Old and Three-Year-Old Thoroughbred Racehorses. Animals (Basel) 2019 Jul 22;9(7).
- Muratli S, Tufan F, Bahat G, Karan MA. Higher vitamin D levels may be associated with higher levels of sunlight exposure and higher intake of vitamin D by diet. Clin Interv Aging 2016;11:1107-9.
- Al-Eisa ES, Alghadir AH, Gabr SA. Correlation between vitamin D levels and muscle fatigue risk factors based on physical activity in healthy older adults. Clin Interv Aging 2016;11:513-22.
- Finsterer J. Biomarkers of peripheral muscle fatigue during exercise. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2012 Nov 8;13:218.
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