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Veterinary immunology and immunopathology2011; 143(1-2); 116-124; doi: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2011.06.032

Infection of peripheral blood mononuclear cells with neuropathogenic equine herpesvirus type-1 strain Ab4 reveals intact interferon-α induction and induces suppression of anti-inflammatory interleukin-10 responses in comparison to other viral strains.

Abstract: The recent increase in incidence, morbidity, and mortality of neurological disease induced by equine herpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1) has suggested a change of virulence of the virus. The exact mechanisms by which EHV-1 induces neurologic disease are not known. Environmental, viral, and host risk factors might contribute to neurological manifestation. Here, we investigated innate interferon-α (IFN-α), interleukin-10 (IL-10) and IL-4 responses after infection of equine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) with EHV-1 using an available cytokine multiplex assay. Three viral strains representing an older isolate (RacL11), a recent abortigenic (NY03) and a neuropathogenic isolate (Ab4) were compared to identify differences in cytokine induction that might explain the increased pathogenicity of Ab4. Cytokine concentrations were also compared between foals, mares after birth, pregnant and non-pregnant mares to investigate whether immune responses to EHV-1 infection are influenced by age or pregnancy status. PBMC from all groups secreted high concentrations of anti-viral IFN-α in response to EHV-1. A reduced response was observed in foals compared to non-pregnant mares. EHV-1 infection induced moderate IL-10 and overall low IL-4 secretion. Ab4 infection resulted in a significant reduction of IL-10 responses in adult horses. IL-10 and IL-4 responses were lower in foals than in most mare groups. These data suggested that EHV-1 induces robust IFN-α secretion without major differences between viral strains. However, anti-inflammatory IL-10 production was significantly reduced after infection with neuropathogenic Ab4. The ability of this EHV-1 isolate to down-regulate IL-10 production might contribute to increased local inflammation and a higher risk for neurological manifestation of the disease after infection with Ab4.
Copyright © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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Publication Date: 2011-06-28 PubMed ID: 21764140DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2011.06.032Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Comparative Study
  • Journal Article
  • Research Support
  • Non-U.S. Gov't

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research paper investigates the effect of various strains of equine herpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1) on the immune response of horses, with particular focus on the neuropathogenic strain Ab4. It finds that while all EHV-1 strains prompt the production of anti-viral interferon-α (IFN-α), the Ab4 strain significantly reduces the anti-inflammatory response of interleukin-10 (IL-10), potentially leading to higher inflammation and increased risk of neurological symptoms.

Methodology

  • Researchers infected equine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) with three strains of EHV-1: RacL11 (an older isolate), NY03 (a recent abortigenic strain), and Ab4 (a neuropathogenic isolate).
  • They used a cytokine multiplex assay to measure the production of IFN-α, IL-10, and IL-4 (key components of the immune response) following infection with these strains.
  • They compared the responses among foals, mares post-birth, and pregnant and non-pregnant mares to explore whether age or pregnancy status influenced immune responses to EHV-1.

Findings

  • The researchers found that PBMCs secreted high concentrations of anti-viral IFN-α in response to all strains of EHV-1, with a lower response seen in foals compared to non-pregnant mares.
  • They observed moderate IL-10 and somewhat low IL-4 secretion following EHV-1 infection, but the neuropathogenic Ab4 strain resulted in a significant reduction of IL-10 responses in adult horses.
  • IL-10 and IL-4 responses were lower in foals than in most mare groups.

Implications

  • The findings suggest that while EHV-1 prompts a strong IFN-α response regardless of the strain, the neuropathogenic Ab4 strain has the unique effect of reducing anti-inflammatory IL-10 production.
  • This lowered IL-10 response could contribute to increased local inflammation and a higher risk for neurological symptoms following infection with Ab4 strain.
  • This understanding could help in developing targeted therapies for EHV-1, particularly for affected horses presenting with neurological symptoms.

Cite This Article

APA
Wagner B, Wimer C, Freer H, Osterrieder N, Erb HN. (2011). Infection of peripheral blood mononuclear cells with neuropathogenic equine herpesvirus type-1 strain Ab4 reveals intact interferon-α induction and induces suppression of anti-inflammatory interleukin-10 responses in comparison to other viral strains. Vet Immunol Immunopathol, 143(1-2), 116-124. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetimm.2011.06.032

Publication

Veterinary immunology and immunopathology
ISSN: 1873-2534
NlmUniqueID: 8002006
Country: Netherlands
Language: English
Volume: 143
Issue: 1-2
Pages: 116-124

Researcher Affiliations

Wagner, Bettina
  • Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA. bw73@cornell.edu
Wimer, Christine
    Freer, Heather
      Osterrieder, Nikolaus
        Erb, Hollis N

          MeSH Terms

          • Animals
          • Animals, Newborn
          • Female
          • Herpesviridae Infections / immunology
          • Herpesviridae Infections / veterinary
          • Herpesviridae Infections / virology
          • Herpesvirus 1, Equid / classification
          • Herpesvirus 1, Equid / immunology
          • Herpesvirus 1, Equid / pathogenicity
          • Horse Diseases / immunology
          • Horse Diseases / virology
          • Horses / immunology
          • Horses / virology
          • Immune Tolerance
          • Interferon-alpha / biosynthesis
          • Interleukin-10 / biosynthesis
          • Interleukin-4 / biosynthesis
          • Leukocytes, Mononuclear / immunology
          • Leukocytes, Mononuclear / virology
          • Pregnancy
          • Pregnancy Complications, Infectious / immunology
          • Pregnancy Complications, Infectious / veterinary
          • Pregnancy Complications, Infectious / virology
          • Species Specificity

          Citations

          This article has been cited 17 times.
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