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Veterinary immunology and immunopathology2016; 170; 30-40; doi: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2016.01.006

Infection with equine infectious anemia virus vaccine strain EIAVDLV121 causes no visible histopathological lesions in target organs in association with restricted viral replication and unique cytokine response.

Abstract: The live equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV) vaccine strain EIAVDLV121 was developed by in vitro attenuation of a virulent strain, EIAVLN40, in the 1970s, and it has been demonstrated to induce protective immunity under laboratory and natural EIAV infection conditions. The detailed biological features of this attenuated virus remain to be further investigated. Experimental inoculation with EIAVDLV121 did not result in clinical symptoms even with immunosuppressive treatment in our previous studies. Here, we further investigated whether the replication of the vaccine strain EIAVDLV121 in experimentally infected horses causes histopathological lesions to develop in the targeted organs. Both the lungs and the spleen have been demonstrated to support EIAV replication. By evaluating the gross macroscopic and histological changes, we found that EIAVDLV121 did not cause detectable histopathological lesions and that it replicated several hundred times more slowly than its parental virulent strain, EIAVLN40, in tissues. Immunochemical assays of these tissues indicated that the primary target cells of EIAVDLV121 were monocytes/macrophages, but that EIAVLN40 also infected alveolar epithelial cells and vascular endothelial cells. In addition, both of these viral strains promoted the up- and down-regulation of the expression of various cytokines and chemokines, implicating the potential involvement of these cellular factors in the pathological outcomes of EIAV infection and host immune responses. Taken together, these results demonstrate that the EIAV vaccine strain does not cause obvious histopathological lesions or clinical symptoms and that it induces a unique cytokine response profile. These features are considered essential for EIAVDLV121 to function as an effective live vaccine.
Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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Publication Date: 2016-01-23 PubMed ID: 26832985PubMed Central: PMC7112881DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2016.01.006Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research explores the effects of the equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV) vaccine strain EIAVDLV121 on target organs, finding that it does not cause visible histopathological lesions due to its restricted replication and unique cytokine response.

Background of the Study

  • The study followed the application of the live equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV) vaccine strain EIAVDLV121, which was developed to counter a virulent strain called EIAVLN40.
  • This vaccine strain was developed using in vitro attenuation methods in the 1970s and has been shown to induce protective immunity in both lab and natural EIAV infection conditions.

Objectives of the Study

  • The research aimed to study the detailed biological features of the EIAVDLV121 and whether it causes histopathological lesions in targeted organs upon replication.

Methods and Findings

  • Through the experimental inoculation of horses with EIAVDLV121, it was observed that the virus did not cause clinical symptoms even with immunosuppressive treatment.
  • Investigation of the virus replication in the lungs and spleen—organs that support EIAV replication—revealed that EIAVDLV121 didn’t cause noticeable histopathological lesions and replicated slower than the virulent parent strain EIAVLN40.
  • Immunochemical assays found that the primary target cells of EIAVDLV121 were monocytes/macrophages, while EIAVLN40 also infected alveolar epithelial cells and vascular endothelial cells.
  • Both strains were found to regulate the expression of various cytokines and chemokines, suggesting a potential role of these cellular factors in EIAV infection outcomes and immune responses.

Conclusion

  • The study concluded that the EIAV vaccine strain EIAVDLV121 doesn’t cause notable histopathological lesions or clinical symptoms while inducing a unique cytokine response. These findings suggest that EIAVDLV121’s ability to function as an effective live vaccine is due to these features.

Cite This Article

APA
Liu Q, Ma J, Wang XF, Xiao F, Li LJ, Zhang JE, Lin YZ, Du C, He XJ, Wang X, Zhou JH. (2016). Infection with equine infectious anemia virus vaccine strain EIAVDLV121 causes no visible histopathological lesions in target organs in association with restricted viral replication and unique cytokine response. Vet Immunol Immunopathol, 170, 30-40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetimm.2016.01.006

Publication

Veterinary immunology and immunopathology
ISSN: 1873-2534
NlmUniqueID: 8002006
Country: Netherlands
Language: English
Volume: 170
Pages: 30-40
PII: S0165-2427(16)30006-X

Researcher Affiliations

Liu, Qiang
  • State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, China.
Ma, Jian
  • State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, China.
Wang, Xue-Feng
  • State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, China.
Xiao, Fei
  • State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, China.
Li, Li-Jia
  • State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, China.
Zhang, Jiao-Er
  • State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, China.
Lin, Yue-Zhi
  • State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, China.
Du, Cheng
  • State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, China.
He, Xi-Jun
  • State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, China. Electronic address: hexijun@caas.cn.
Wang, Xiaojun
  • State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, China. Electronic address: xjw@hvri.ac.cn.
Zhou, Jian-Hua
  • State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, China; Harbin Pharmaceutical Group Biovaccine Company, Harbin 150069, China. Electronic address: jianhua_uc@126.com.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Cytokines / biosynthesis
  • Equine Infectious Anemia / pathology
  • Equine Infectious Anemia / prevention & control
  • Equine Infectious Anemia / virology
  • Horses
  • Infectious Anemia Virus, Equine / immunology
  • Infectious Anemia Virus, Equine / pathogenicity
  • Lung / pathology
  • Male
  • Spleen / pathology
  • Vaccines, Attenuated / adverse effects
  • Vaccines, Attenuated / immunology
  • Viral Vaccines / adverse effects
  • Viral Vaccines / immunology
  • Virus Replication

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Citations

This article has been cited 2 times.
  1. Du C, Duan Y, Wang XF, Lin Y, Na L, Wang X, Chen K, Wang X. Attenuation of Equine Lentivirus Alters Mitochondrial Protein Expression Profile from Inflammation to Apoptosis. J Virol 2019 Nov 1;93(21).
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  2. Guo X, Liu C, Wang Y, Li H, Ma S, Na L, Ren H, Lin Y, Wang X. Env from EIAV vaccine delicately regulates NLRP3 activation via attenuating NLRP3-NEK7 interaction. PLoS Pathog 2025 Jun;21(6):e1012772.
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