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Home/Equine Research Bank/J Virol/Equine infectious anemia virus is found in tissue macrophage...
Journal of virology1998; 72(9); 7263-7269; doi: 10.1128/JVI.72.9.7263-7269.1998

Equine infectious anemia virus is found in tissue macrophages during subclinical infection.

Abstract: The equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV) often results in lifelong subclinical infection following early episodes of clinical disease. To identify the cellular reservoirs of EIAV during subclinical infection, horses were infected with EIAV and allowed to develop subclinical infections. Horses with acute disease served as a basis for comparison. The tissue distribution, replication status, location of infected cells, and viral load were characterized by PCR for proviral DNA and reverse transcriptase PCR for viral RNA, in situ hybridization, and in situ PCR. Proviral DNA was widespread in tissues regardless of disease status. Viral gag and env RNAs were also detected in tissues of all horses regardless of disease status. Plasma viral RNA (viremia) could be detected in some, but not all, horses with subclinical infections. In situ assays determined that a primary cellular reservoir and site of viral replication during subclinical infection is the macrophage. During subclinical infection, viral load was decreased 4- to 733-fold and there was decreased viral RNA expression within infected cells. These data indicate that viral replication continues at all times, even in horses that are clinically quiescent. Moreover, restricted viral replication at the cellular level is associated with clinical remission.
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Publication Date: 1998-08-08 PubMed ID: 9696821PubMed Central: PMC109949DOI: 10.1128/JVI.72.9.7263-7269.1998Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research article explains how the equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV) is found in tissue macrophages during subclinical infections in horses.

Objective and Methodology

  • The main aim of this research was to identify the cellular reservoirs of the equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV) during its subclinical infection period. In simpler terms, the researchers wanted to understand where in the horse’s body, the virus hides and continues to live after causing initial symptoms of disease.
  • To achieve this, the researchers infected horses with EIAV and let them develop subclinical infections. They also observed horses with acute disease to note down the differences.
  • They used various scientific methods like PCR for proviral DNA and reverse transcriptase PCR for viral RNA, in situ hybridization, and in situ PCR to check the tissue distribution, replication status, infected cells’ location and viral load in the horses.

Findings

  • The researchers found that the proviral DNA is pervasive in horse tissues, irrespective of whether they show disease symptoms or not. This meant that the virus was still present in the body during periods it seemed to have subsided.
  • The viral proteins gag and env RNAs were also detected in tissue samples from all horses, again implying that the virus continues to exist and multiply in the body even during symptom-less periods.
  • The study found that certain horses with a subclinical infection showed viremia or the presence of the virus in their blood. However, this was not uniform for all horses with a subclinical infection.
  • The study also noted that macrophages, a type of white blood cell, was the primary cellular reservoir and viral replication site during subclinical infection.

Implications

  • The finding that the viral load decreases significantly (between 4 and 733 times) during subclinical infections signifies that although the virus continues to persist in the body, its multiplication rate slows down, leading to the absence of symptoms.
  • This research indicates that EIAV infection in horses never truly ceases, even if horses are clinically stable. The infection always persists at a lower level, awaiting activation triggers.
  • The discovery also elucidates that restricting viral replication at a cellular level leads to clinical remission, underscoring this as a viable therapeutic strategy against EIAV in horses.

Cite This Article

APA
Oaks JL, McGuire TC, Ulibarri C, Crawford TB. (1998). Equine infectious anemia virus is found in tissue macrophages during subclinical infection. J Virol, 72(9), 7263-7269. https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.72.9.7263-7269.1998

Publication

Journal of virology
ISSN: 0022-538X
NlmUniqueID: 0113724
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 72
Issue: 9
Pages: 7263-7269

Researcher Affiliations

Oaks, J L
  • Departments of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Pharmacology and Physiology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, USA. loakes@vetmed.wsu.edu
McGuire, T C
    Ulibarri, C
      Crawford, T B

        MeSH Terms

        • Animals
        • DNA, Viral
        • Equine Infectious Anemia / virology
        • Horses
        • In Situ Hybridization
        • Infectious Anemia Virus, Equine / genetics
        • Macrophages / virology
        • Proviruses / genetics
        • RNA, Viral
        • Viral Load

        Grant Funding

        • AI010255 / NIAID NIH HHS
        • AI24291 / NIAID NIH HHS
        • AI46651 / NIAID NIH HHS

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