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Home / Equine Research Bank / J Vet Cardiol / Influence of 2nd-degree AV blocks, ECG recording length, and...
Journal of veterinary cardiology : the official journal of the European Society of Veterinary Cardiology2017; 19(2); 160-174; doi: 10.1016/j.jvc.2016.10.006

Influence of 2nd-degree AV blocks, ECG recording length, and recording time on heart rate variability analyses in horses.

Abstract: To assess the influence of 2nd-degree AV blocks (AVB) on RR interval-based heart rate variability (HRV) variables; to investigate the effect of using PP interval time series and of artifact filtering on HRV analyses; to investigate the influence of electrocardiogram (ECG) recording length and time of recording; and to calculate day-to-day variability and reference intervals of HRV variables. Methods: Thirty healthy adult horses. Methods: RR and PP interval time series were extracted from 10-h Holter ECGs and an automated filter was applied to the RR time series (RR). Time-domain HRV variables were calculated based on RR, PP, and RR time series and their relation to the number of AVBs was assessed. Hourly 10- and 60-min segments were extracted to investigate the influence of segment length and recording time on HRV variables. Day-to-day variability and reference intervals of HRV variables were calculated. Results: Variables of short-term HRV were significantly influenced by the number of AVBs when based on RR, but not when based on PP- and RR time series. PP- and RR-based HRV variables were in good agreement. The majority of HRV variables were influenced by recording time and ECG segment length. Day-to-day variability of HRV variables was low when based on 10-h ECG recordings but moderate to high when based on 60-min and 10-min recordings. Conclusions: Second-degree AVBs significantly influence conventional RR-based, but not PP- and RR-based time-domain HRV variables. However, PP and RR analyses have limitations and recording length and time of recording must be considered.
Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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Publication Date: 2017-01-20 PubMed ID: 28117225DOI: 10.1016/j.jvc.2016.10.006Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

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The research article investigates the impact of 2nd-degree AV blocks on the heart rate variability in horses. Additionally, it also studies the effects of the length and timing of electrocardiogram (ECG) recordings on the same.

Methodology

  • The sample consisted of thirty healthy adult horses.
  • The RR and PP interval time series were extracted from 10-hour Holter ECGs.
  • An automated filter was applied to the RR time series.
  • Time-domain heart rate variability (HRV) variables were calculated based on RR, PP, and RR time series, and a correlation with the number of 2nd-degree AV blocks was established.
  • The influence of different segment lengths and recording times on HRV variables was explored by extracting hourly 10- and 60-minute segments.
  • The day-to-day variability and reference intervals of HRV variables were also calculated.

Findings

  • Short-term HRV variables were significantly affected by the number of 2nd-degree AV blocks when based on RR, although they showed no such impact when based on PP- and RR-based time series.
  • There was a good agreement found between PP- and RR-based HRV variables.
  • The majority of HRV variables were influenced by the time of recording as well as ECG segment length.
  • Day-to-day variability of HRV variables remained low when based on 10-hour ECG recordings, whereas it ranged from moderate to high when based on 60-minute and 10-minute recordings.

Conclusion

  • It was concluded that 2nd-degree AV blocks considerably affect RR-based time-domain HRV variables. However, PP and RR analyses have certain limitations.
  • The length and time of the ECG recording are important factors and should be considered in HRV analyses in horses.

Cite This Article

APA
Eggensperger BH, Schwarzwald CC. (2017). Influence of 2nd-degree AV blocks, ECG recording length, and recording time on heart rate variability analyses in horses. J Vet Cardiol, 19(2), 160-174. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvc.2016.10.006

Publication

Journal of veterinary cardiology : the official journal of the European Society of Veterinary Cardiology
ISSN: 1875-0834
NlmUniqueID: 101163270
Country: Netherlands
Language: English
Volume: 19
Issue: 2
Pages: 160-174
PII: S1760-2734(16)30143-6

Researcher Affiliations

Eggensperger, B H
  • Clinic for Equine Internal Medicine, Equine Department, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
Schwarzwald, C C
  • Clinic for Equine Internal Medicine, Equine Department, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland. Electronic address: cschwarzwald@vetclinics.uzh.ch.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Circadian Rhythm
  • Electrocardiography / veterinary
  • Female
  • Heart Block / physiopathology
  • Heart Block / veterinary
  • Heart Rate / physiology
  • Horse Diseases / physiopathology
  • Horses / physiology
  • Male
  • Reference Values
  • Time Factors

Citations

This article has been cited 9 times.
  1. McCrae P, Spong H, Golestani N, Mahnam A, Bashura Y, Pearson W. Validation of an Equine Smart Textile System for Heart Rate Variability: A Preliminary Study.. Animals (Basel) 2023 Feb 1;13(3).
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  2. Nissen SD, Saljic A, Kjeldsen ST, Jespersen T, Hopster-Iversen C, Buhl R. Cartilaginous Intrusion of the Atrioventricular Node in a Quarter Horse with a High Burden of Second-Degree AV Block and Collapse: A Case Report.. Animals (Basel) 2022 Oct 24;12(21).
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  3. Vuille-Dit-Bille J, Weingand N, Jud Schefer R, Stirn M, Adamik KN, Rathmann JMK, Sigrist NE. Comparison of Jugular vs. Saphenous Blood Samples, Intrarater and In-Between Device Reliability of Clinically Used ROTEM S Parameters in Dogs.. Animals (Basel) 2022 Aug 17;12(16).
    doi: 10.3390/ani12162101pubmed: 36009691google scholar: lookup
  4. Kjeldsen ST, Nissen SD, Buhl R, Hopster-Iversen C. Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation in Horses: Pathophysiology, Diagnostics and Clinical Aspects.. Animals (Basel) 2022 Mar 10;12(6).
    doi: 10.3390/ani12060698pubmed: 35327097google scholar: lookup
  5. Gehlen H, Faust MD, Grzeskowiak RM, Trachsel DS. Association Between Disease Severity, Heart Rate Variability (HRV) and Serum Cortisol Concentrations in Horses with Acute Abdominal Pain.. Animals (Basel) 2020 Sep 2;10(9).
    doi: 10.3390/ani10091563pubmed: 32887514google scholar: lookup
  6. Gehlen H, Loschelder J, Merle R, Walther M. Evaluation of Stress Response under a Standard Euthanasia Protocol in Horses Using Analysis of Heart Rate Variability.. Animals (Basel) 2020 Mar 13;10(3).
    doi: 10.3390/ani10030485pubmed: 32183168google scholar: lookup
  7. Frick L, Schwarzwald CC, Mitchell KJ. The use of heart rate variability analysis to detect arrhythmias in horses undergoing a standard treadmill exercise test.. J Vet Intern Med 2019 Jan;33(1):212-224.
    doi: 10.1111/jvim.15358pubmed: 30520119google scholar: lookup
  8. Broux B, De Clercq D, Vera L, Ven S, Deprez P, Decloedt A, van Loon G. Can heart rate variability parameters derived by a heart rate monitor differentiate between atrial fibrillation and sinus rhythm?. BMC Vet Res 2018 Oct 25;14(1):320.
    doi: 10.1186/s12917-018-1650-6pubmed: 30359273google scholar: lookup
  9. Lenoir A, Trachsel DS, Younes M, Barrey E, Robert C. Agreement between Electrocardiogram and Heart Rate Meter Is Low for the Measurement of Heart Rate Variability during Exercise in Young Endurance Horses.. Front Vet Sci 2017;4:170.
    doi: 10.3389/fvets.2017.00170pubmed: 29090214google scholar: lookup
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