Influence of the neuroleptanalgesic combination of etorphine and acepromazine on the horse: blood gases and acid-base balance.
Abstract: Respiratory function and acid-base variables were studied in Welsh Mountain ponies before and at predetermined times after the intravenous injection of Immobilon and Revivon.A marked depression of respiratory rate was accompanied by large reductions in arterial blood oxygen tension and saturation and the development of a mild respiratory acidosis following the injection of Immobilon. It was concluded that at least three factors contributed to the hypoxic hypoxia produced by Immobilon; the posture of lateral recumbency, the decrease in respiratory rate and the laboured character of the respiration. Arterial oxygen and carbon dioxide tensions returned towards control levels soon after administering Revivon. Mixed venous oxygen tensions were little affected by either Immobilon or Revivon, and mixed venous carbon dioxide tensions were increased to smaller degrees that those of arterial blood. Haemoglobin was increased initially by Immobilon, had returned to the control level by 30 min and fell below the control following the administration of Revivon.
Publication Date: 1975-07-01 PubMed ID: 239846DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.1975.tb03254.xGoogle Scholar: Lookup
The Equine Research Bank provides access to a large database of publicly available scientific literature. Inclusion in the Research Bank does not imply endorsement of study methods or findings by Mad Barn.
- Journal Article
Summary
This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.
The article explores the effects of a neuroleptanalgesic combination of etorphine and acepromazine on the respiratory function and acid-base balance in Welsh Mountain ponies.
Introduction
- The study was conducted on Welsh Mountain Ponies with an aim to understand the effects of an intravenous injection of Immobilon and Revivon, a neuroleptanalgesic combination of etorphine and acepromazine.
Impact on Respiratory Function
- After the administration of Immobilon, there was a noticeable decrease in the respiratory rate of the ponies. This was also accompanied by a significant drop in arterial blood oxygen tension and saturation.
- Following the injection of Immobilon, the ponies developed mild respiratory acidosis, indicating that the body’s process of maintaining acid-base balance had been disrupted.
- Three main factors were identified as contributing to the state of hypoxic hypoxia produced by Immobilon: the pony’s posture of lateral recumbency, the decrease in respiratory rate, and the laboured nature of the respiration.
Recovery and Effect of Revivon
- Once Revivon was administered, the arterial oxygen and carbon dioxide tensions started returning towards their normal levels, indicating recovery.
- It was seen that the mixed venous oxygen tensions were not greatly affected by either Immobilon or Revivon. On the other hand, the mixed venous carbon dioxide tensions increased, albeit to a lesser extent than those in the arterial blood.
- Haemoglobin levels also appeared to be impacted by the drugs. Initially, haemoglobin increased due to Immobilon but returned to control levels within 30 minutes. After the administration of Revivon, these levels dipped below control.
Conclusion
- This research suggests that the neuroleptanalgesic combination of etorphine and acepromazine impacts the respiratory function and acid-base balance in ponies, causing reductions in arterial blood oxygen tension, saturation, and the development of mild respiratory acidosis.
- While the administration of Revivon helps in recovery, it, along with Immobilon, also impacts the haemoglobin levels and mixed venous carbon dioxide tensions to varying degrees.
Cite This Article
APA
Hillidge CJ, Lees P.
(1975).
Influence of the neuroleptanalgesic combination of etorphine and acepromazine on the horse: blood gases and acid-base balance.
Equine Vet J, 7(3), 148-154.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2042-3306.1975.tb03254.x Publication
Researcher Affiliations
MeSH Terms
- Acepromazine / administration & dosage
- Acepromazine / pharmacology
- Acid-Base Equilibrium
- Animals
- Bicarbonates / blood
- Carbon Dioxide / blood
- Etorphine / administration & dosage
- Etorphine / pharmacology
- Female
- Hemoglobins / analysis
- Horses / blood
- Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
- Male
- Morphinans / pharmacology
- Neuroleptanalgesia / veterinary
- Oxygen / blood
- Respiration / drug effects
Citations
This article has been cited 2 times.- Gasthuys F, Vandamme R, De Moor A, De Meurichy W. Haemodynamic, metabolic and physical responses to a neuroleptanalgesic-glyceryl guaiacolate combination in the horse.. Vet Res Commun 1989;13(2):113-26.
- Hillidge CJ, Lees P. Proceedings: Influence of etorphine, acepromazine and diprenorphine on cardiovascular function in ponies.. Br J Pharmacol 1976 Mar;56(3):375P-376P.
Use Nutrition Calculator
Check if your horse's diet meets their nutrition requirements with our easy-to-use tool Check your horse's diet with our easy-to-use tool
Talk to a Nutritionist
Discuss your horse's feeding plan with our experts over a free phone consultation Discuss your horse's diet over a phone consultation
Submit Diet Evaluation
Get a customized feeding plan for your horse formulated by our equine nutritionists Get a custom feeding plan formulated by our nutritionists
