Inhibition of articular cartilage degradation by glucosamine-HCl and chondroitin sulphate.
Abstract: Glucosamine and chondroitin sulphate in many animal and human trials has improved joint health. In vitro studies are beginning to clarify their mode of action. The objective of this research was to: 1) determine at what concentrations glucosamine-HCl (GLN) and/or chondroitin sulphate (CS) would inhibit the cytokine-induced catabolic response in equine articular cartilage explants and 2) to determine if a combination of the 2 was more effective at inhibiting the catabolic response than the individual compounds. Articular cartilage was obtained from carpal joints of horses (age 1-4 years). Cartilage discs (3.5 mm) were biopsied and cultured. Explants were incubated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the presence of varying concentrations of GLN, CS, or both. Control treatments included explants with no LPS and LPS without GLN or CS. Media were analysed for nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and keratan sulphate. Cartilage was extracted for analysis of metalloproteinases (MMP). Four experiments were conducted. In all experiments, GLN at concentrations as low as 1 mg/ml decreased NO production relative to LPS stimulated cartilage without GLN over the 4 day period. In general, CS at either 0.25 or 0.5 mg/ml did not inhibit NO production. The addition of CS to GLN containing media did not further inhibit NO production. GLN at concentrations as low as 0.5 mg/ml decreased PGE2 production, whereas CS did not effect on PGE2. The combination of GLN/CS decreased MMP-9 gelatinolytic activity but had no effect on MMP-2 activity. The combination in 2 experiments tended to decrease MMP-13 protein concentrations and decreased keratan sulphate levels in media. Overall, the combination of GLN (1 mg/ml) and CS (0.25 mg/ml) inhibited the synthesis of several mediators of cartilage degradation. These results further support the effort to understand the role of GLN and CS in preserving articular cartilage in athletic horses.
Publication Date: 2002-10-31 PubMed ID: 12405691DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.2002.tb05423.xGoogle Scholar: Lookup
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- Journal Article
- Research Support
- Non-U.S. Gov't
Summary
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This research article investigates the effects of glucosamine-HCl and chondroitin sulphate in preventing joint degradation in horses. The results suggest that this mixture can inhibit the production of mediators that contribute to cartilage degradation.
Objective and Methodology
- The primary research goals were to identify the concentrations at which combinations of glucosamine-HCl (GLN) and chondroitin sulphate (CS) could prevent cytokine-induced catabolic response in horse joints, and to understand if a combination of these two substances is more effective than when used individually.
- Articular cartilage was obtained from carpal joints of young horses and cultured in different conditions.
- The cartilage explants were exposed to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and varied concentrations of GLN, CS, or both. Control treatments included explants with no LPS and LPS without either GLN or CS.
- The study media were then analyzed for levels of nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and keratan sulphate.
- The cartilage was further analyzed for the presence of metalloproteinases (MMP), substances that can degrade proteins like collagen in the cartilage.
Key Findings
- The study found that GLN could reduce NO production even at low concentrations (1 mg/ml) over a 4-day period. However, CS did not have this effect, and the addition of CS to GLN did not enhance its inhibitory effect on NO production.
- GLN was found to decrease PGE2 production when present at low concentrations (0.5 mg/ml), but CS had no apparent effect on PGE2 levels.
- The combination of GLN and CS was found to decrease the activity of MMP-9, one kind of metalloproteinase, but not affect the activity of another type, MMP-2.
- This combination, in some experiments, appeared to decrease MMP-13 protein concentrations and keratan sulphate levels, both of which are associated with cartilage degradation.
Implications
- The study’s results reinforce the possibility that GLN and CS might play a significant role in preserving articular cartilage in sporting horses, and potentially in other animals or humans suffering from joint issues.
- The research adds to our understanding of the mechanisms through which GLN and CS act on joint health by inhibiting the production of substances known to contribute to cartilage degradation.
Cite This Article
APA
Orth MW, Peters TL, Hawkins JN.
(2002).
Inhibition of articular cartilage degradation by glucosamine-HCl and chondroitin sulphate.
Equine Vet J Suppl(34), 224-229.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2042-3306.2002.tb05423.x Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824-1225, USA.
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Cartilage, Articular / drug effects
- Cartilage, Articular / enzymology
- Cartilage, Articular / metabolism
- Chondroitin Sulfates / pharmacology
- Culture Media
- Culture Techniques / veterinary
- Dinoprostone / antagonists & inhibitors
- Dinoprostone / biosynthesis
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Drug Synergism
- Glucosamine / pharmacology
- Horses / metabolism
- Keratan Sulfate / antagonists & inhibitors
- Keratan Sulfate / biosynthesis
- Lipopolysaccharides
- Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors
- Matrix Metalloproteinases / metabolism
- Nitric Oxide / antagonists & inhibitors
- Nitric Oxide / biosynthesis
Citations
This article has been cited 13 times.- van de Water E, Oosterlinck M, Dumoulin M, Korthagen NM, van Weeren PR, van den Broek J, Everts H, Pille F, van Doorn DA. The preventive effects of two nutraceuticals on experimentally induced acute synovitis. Equine Vet J 2017 Jul;49(4):532-538.
- Bascoul-Colombo C, Garaiova I, Plummer SF, Harwood JL, Caterson B, Hughes CE. Glucosamine Hydrochloride but Not Chondroitin Sulfate Prevents Cartilage Degradation and Inflammation Induced by Interleukin-1α in Bovine Cartilage Explants. Cartilage 2016 Jan;7(1):70-81.
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- Calamia V, Mateos J, Fernández-Puente P, Lourido L, Rocha B, Fernández-Costa C, Montell E, Vergés J, Ruiz-Romero C, Blanco FJ. A pharmacoproteomic study confirms the synergistic effect of chondroitin sulfate and glucosamine. Sci Rep 2014 Jun 10;4:5069.
- Jerosch J. Effects of Glucosamine and Chondroitin Sulfate on Cartilage Metabolism in OA: Outlook on Other Nutrient Partners Especially Omega-3 Fatty Acids. Int J Rheumatol 2011;2011:969012.
- Wildi LM, Raynauld JP, Martel-Pelletier J, Beaulieu A, Bessette L, Morin F, Abram F, Dorais M, Pelletier JP. Chondroitin sulphate reduces both cartilage volume loss and bone marrow lesions in knee osteoarthritis patients starting as early as 6 months after initiation of therapy: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot study using MRI. Ann Rheum Dis 2011 Jun;70(6):982-9.
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- Lippiello L. Collagen Synthesis in tenocytes, ligament cells and chondrocytes exposed to a combination of Glucosamine HCl and chondroitin sulfate. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2007 Jun;4(2):219-24.
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