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Home / Equine Research Bank / J Vet Intern Med / Insulin and incretin responses to grazing in insulin-dysregu...
Journal of veterinary internal medicine2018; 33(1); 225-232; doi: 10.1111/jvim.15363

Insulin and incretin responses to grazing in insulin-dysregulated and healthy ponies.

Abstract: Supraphysiological insulin and incretin responses to a cereal-based diet have been described in horses and ponies with insulin dysregulation (ID). However, the hormonal responses to grazing have not yet been described. Objective: To determine if there is a difference in the insulin and incretin responses to grazing pasture between insulin-dysregulated and healthy ponies. Methods: A cohort of 16 ponies comprising 5 with normal insulin regulation (NIR), 6 with moderate ID (MID), and 5 with severe ID (SID). Methods: In this case-control study, an oral glucose test (OGT) was used to determine the insulin responsiveness of each pony to PO carbohydrate before grazing pasture (4 hours) for 3 consecutive days. Serial blood samples collected during grazing were analyzed for glucose, insulin, glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP) and active glucagon-like peptide-1 (aGLP-1), and compared among pony groups and day of pasture access. Results: The area under the insulin curve when grazing increased with ID severity (P < .03). The median (range) maximal insulin concentration was greater in the MID (72.5 [129] μIU/mL) and SID (255 [338.5] μIU/mL) groups, compared to the NIR (11.7 [24.9] μIU/mL) group (P < .03) and occurred within 2-4 hours of grazing. Postprandial OGT insulin concentration was positively correlated with 2 hours post-grazing insulin across all 3 grazing days (P ≤ .03). The aGLP-1 and GIP concentrations increased in response to grazing but did not differ among groups. Conclusions: Grazing pasture provoked an increased insulin and incretin response in insulin-dysregulated ponies within 4 hours of grazing. The pasture and OGT insulin concentrations were correlated.
© 2018 The Authors. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of the American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine.
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Publication Date: 2018-12-02 PubMed ID: 30506731PubMed Central: PMC6335545DOI: 10.1111/jvim.15363Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research finds that ponies with insulin dysregulation, a condition that affects their insulin and incretin responses, show a heightened reaction to a grazing diet. This observation was drawn from a comparative study between healthy ponies and those with varying degrees of insulin dysregulation.

Objective of the Study

  • The study was conducted to discover if there was a contrasting reaction in insulin and incretin responses to grazing pasture between healthy ponies and those with insulin dysregulation. The fundamental objective was to understand the hormonal response of insulin-dysregulated ponies to grazing.

Methods

  • The researchers worked with 16 ponies – five with normal insulin regulation (NIR), six with moderate insulin dysregulation (MID), and five with severe insulin dysregulation (SID).
  • The study was designed as a case-control study where an oral glucose test (OGT) was employed to figure out each pony’s sensitivity to PO carbohydrate before grazing pasture for three continuous days.
  • Throughout the grazing period, serial blood samples were taken and analyzed for glucose, insulin, glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP), and active glucagon-like peptide-1 (aGLP-1). The outcomes were compared among the groups and per day of pasture access.

Results

  • The study found that insulin curve, when grazing, spiked with the severity of insulin dysregulation. In particular, the median maximal insulin concentration was higher in the MID and SID groups than in the NIR group.
  • The increase in insulin levels was observed within 2-4 hours of the ponies starting to graze. Moreover, a positive correlation was found between the insulin concentration post an oral glucose test and insulin levels post two hours of grazing across all three grazing days.
  • The concentrations of aGLP-1 and GIP increased with grazing, but this uptick was not found to be different among the groups.

Conclusion

  • The study concluded that insulin-dysregulated ponies showed an increased insulin and incretin response within four hours of grazing pasture. Furthermore, the study also discovered a correlation between grazing pasture and oral glucose test induced insulin concentrations.

Cite This Article

APA
Fitzgerald DM, Walsh DM, Sillence MN, Pollitt CC, de Laat MA. (2018). Insulin and incretin responses to grazing in insulin-dysregulated and healthy ponies. J Vet Intern Med, 33(1), 225-232. https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.15363

Publication

Journal of veterinary internal medicine
ISSN: 1939-1676
NlmUniqueID: 8708660
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 33
Issue: 1
Pages: 225-232

Researcher Affiliations

Fitzgerald, Danielle M
  • Department of Bioscience, Science and Engineering Faculty, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
Walsh, Donald M
  • Animal Health Foundation, Pacific, Missouri.
Sillence, Martin N
  • Department of Bioscience, Science and Engineering Faculty, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
Pollitt, Christopher C
  • School of Veterinary Science, University of Queensland, Gatton, Queensland, Australia.
de Laat, Melody A
  • Department of Bioscience, Science and Engineering Faculty, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Blood Glucose / analysis
  • Case-Control Studies
  • Eating / physiology
  • Female
  • Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide / blood
  • Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 / blood
  • Glucose Tolerance Test / veterinary
  • Horse Diseases / blood
  • Horse Diseases / physiopathology
  • Horses
  • Hyperinsulinism / blood
  • Hyperinsulinism / physiopathology
  • Hyperinsulinism / veterinary
  • Incretins / blood
  • Incretins / physiology
  • Insulin / blood
  • Insulin / physiology
  • Male

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Citations

This article has been cited 10 times.
  1. Delarocque J, Feige K, Carslake HB, Durham AE, Fey K, Warnken T. Development of a Web App to Convert Blood Insulin Concentrations among Various Immunoassays Used in Horses.. Animals (Basel) 2023 Aug 24;13(17).
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  2. Stefaniuk-Szmukier M, Piórkowska K, Ropka-Molik K. Equine Metabolic Syndrome: A Complex Disease Influenced by Multifactorial Genetic Factors.. Genes (Basel) 2023 Jul 27;14(8).
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  3. Kellon EM, Gustafson KM. Hypertriglyceridemia in equines with refractory hyperinsulinemia treated with SGLT2 inhibitors.. Open Vet J 2023 Mar;13(3):365-375.
    doi: 10.5455/OVJ.2023.v13.i3.14pubmed: 37026076google scholar: lookup
  4. Stefanovski D, Robinson MA, Van Eps A. Effect of a GLP-1 mimetic on the insulin response to oral sugar testing in horses.. BMC Vet Res 2022 Jul 29;18(1):294.
    doi: 10.1186/s12917-022-03394-2pubmed: 35906619google scholar: lookup
  5. Sillence M, Meier A, de Laat M, Klee R, Reiche D. Demographic, morphologic, hormonal and metabolic factors associated with the rate of improvement from equine hyperinsulinaemia-associated laminitis.. BMC Vet Res 2022 Jan 18;18(1):49.
    doi: 10.1186/s12917-022-03149-zpubmed: 35042535google scholar: lookup
  6. Delarocque J, Frers F, Feige K, Huber K, Jung K, Warnken T. Metabolic changes induced by oral glucose tests in horses and their diagnostic use.. J Vet Intern Med 2021 Jan;35(1):597-605.
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  7. Delarocque J, Frers F, Huber K, Feige K, Warnken T. Weight loss is linearly associated with a reduction of the insulin response to an oral glucose test in Icelandic horses.. BMC Vet Res 2020 May 24;16(1):151.
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  8. de Laat MA, Spence RJ, Sillence MN, Pollitt CC. An investigation of the equine epidermal growth factor system during hyperinsulinemic laminitis.. PLoS One 2019;14(12):e0225843.
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  9. Rings LM, Swink JM, Dunbar LK, Burns TA, Toribio RE. Enteroinsular axis response to carbohydrates and fasting in healthy newborn foals.. J Vet Intern Med 2019 Nov;33(6):2752-2764.
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  10. Fitzgerald DM, Pollitt CC, Walsh DM, Sillence MN, de Laat MA. The effect of different grazing conditions on the insulin and incretin response to the oral glucose test in ponies.. BMC Vet Res 2019 Oct 16;15(1):345.
    doi: 10.1186/s12917-019-2088-1pubmed: 31619223google scholar: lookup
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