Internal fixation of proximal fractures of the 2nd and 4th metacarpal and metatarsal bones using bioabsorbable screws.

The study explores the treatment of rare and difficult-to-treat fractures in horses using biodegradable screws made of polylactic acid. The findings suggest a possible advantage of using these screws over traditional metallic implants.

Research Approach

• The researchers performed a retrospective case series analysis, meaning they reviewed historical patient data rather than setting up a new, randomized experiment.
• They specifically looked at horses that had experienced fractures in the proximal one-third of the splint bone, which refers to a certain region of the horse’s bone structure that is typically hard to treat.
• These fractures were treated between 2014 and 2015 using biodegradable polylactic acid screws as a means of internal fixation – a method used to stabilize the bone during the healing process.
• The researchers then evaluated the efficacy of this treatment based on medical records, diagnostic images, and the horses’ post-treatment outcomes.

Findings of the Study

• The study included eight horses that met the criteria needed for this specific analysis.
• Findings showed no complications arising during the placement of the screws or after the operation.
• Of the eight horses, six returned to full work three months after the operation, while two remained mildly lame.
• Follow-up radiographs taken 12 months after the operation revealed that the screws had not fully absorbed in two of the cases.
• Despite not being fully absorbed, the screws caused a cone-shaped radiolucency – an area appearing more radiolucent, or darker on an X-ray – which started to get replaced from the outer margins by bone sclerosis, a thickened or hardened condition of the bone.

Conclusions and Implications

• Overall, the researchers concluded that using bioabsorbable screws appears to be a safe and feasible technique in treating proximal fractures of the splint bone in horses.
• The screws offer potential benefits over traditional metal implants, hence their usage can significantly benefit veterinary orthopedic practices.