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Home / Equine Research Bank / Vet Surg / Intrathecal enalapril reduces adhesion formation in experime...
Veterinary surgery : VS2024; doi: 10.1111/vsu.14186

Intrathecal enalapril reduces adhesion formation in experimentally induced digital flexor tendon sheath injuries in horses.

Abstract: The objectives of the study were to describe a standing percutaneous adhesion induction model in the digital flexor tendon sheath (DFTS) of horses and to evaluate the effect of intrathecal administration of the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor enalapril on tendon healing and adhesion formation. Methods: Randomized, blinded, controlled experimental study. Methods: Eight healthy horses. Methods: A collagenase-induced adhesion model was implemented in the deep digital flexor tendon (DDFT) of both forelimbs under standing ultrasonographic guidance. Daily intrathecal injections of 5 mg enalapril (the treatment condition) were administered to a randomly assigned forelimb for 5 days, with the contralateral limb receiving an equivalent volume of 0.9% NaCl (the control). Lameness and limb circumference were recorded weekly. Horses were euthanized after 8 weeks and evaluated for gross digital flexor tendon sheath (DFTS) adhesions. Tendons were collected for histopathologic scoring of DDFT healing. Paired data were analyzed using a one-sided alternative sign test and longitudinal regression. Results: Multiple DFTS adhesions were formed in control limbs of all horses. The median number of gross DFTS adhesions in treated limbs was less than in control limbs (p = .0039). The average reduction in limb circumference and lameness scores over time occurred faster in treated versus control limbs (p < .025). There were no differences in DDFT histopathologic scores between groups. Conclusions: The standing percutaneous DFTS adhesion induction model demonstrated that intrathecal enalapril reduced DFTS adhesion formation, lameness scores, and limb circumference over time. Conclusions: Intrathecal enalapril administration may reduce morbidity in horses with naturally occurring tendon injuries.
© 2024 The Author(s). Veterinary Surgery published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American College of Veterinary Surgeons.
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Publication Date: 2024-11-05 PubMed ID: 39498787DOI: 10.1111/vsu.14186Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This study investigated the effect of injecting enalapril, an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, into the sheaths of tendon injuries in horses. The findings suggest that this treatment can reduce complications such as adhesion formation and associated swelling and limping in horse tendon injuries.

Objectives and Methods

  • The prime aim of the study was to illustrate a model for generating adhesions (scar tissue) in the digital flexor tendon sheath (DFTS) of horses when they’re standing and to assess the impact of intrathecal (administered into the space around the spinal cord) enalapril in the healing process.
  • A randomized, controlled, and blinded experimental design was applied, involving eight healthy horses.
  • The researchers induced a model of adhesions in the deep digital flexor tendon (DDFT) in both front legs of the horses using ultrasonographic guidance.
  • The horses received either the treatment (daily intrathecal injections of 5 mg enalapril) or control (an equivalent volume of 0.9% NaCl solution) for 5 days. The assignment of the forelimb to receive the treatment was selected randomly.
  • The team regularly recorded any signs of lameness and changes in limb circumference weekly. At the end of 8 weeks, all horses were euthanized, and their tendons were evaluated for any potential DFTS adhesions. The study also evaluated the healing of the DDFT using histopathology.

Results

  • The study found that all horses receiving the control treatment developed multiple adhesions in their tendons.
  • Horses receiving the enalapril treatment demonstrated significantly fewer DFTS adhesions, decreased limb circumference, and reduced lameness scores compared to control horses.
  • Despite the noted differences in adhesions, lameness, and limb circumference, the histopathology scores indicated no significant difference in tendon healing between the treatment and control groups.

Conclusion

  • This study’s findings support that using intrathecal enalapril can reduce adhesion formation in the DFTS. It also appears to have additional benefits, including a reduction in lameness scores and limb circumference over time.
  • While it did not significantly impact the histopathological healing scores, the reduction in tendon adhesions might make enalapril a worthy intervention to consider for naturally occurring tendon injuries in horses.

Cite This Article

APA
Willette JA, Tsoi M, Frobish D, VanderBroek AR. (2024). Intrathecal enalapril reduces adhesion formation in experimentally induced digital flexor tendon sheath injuries in horses. Vet Surg. https://doi.org/10.1111/vsu.14186

Publication

Veterinary surgery : VS
ISSN: 1532-950X
NlmUniqueID: 8113214
Country: United States
Language: English

Researcher Affiliations

Willette, Jaclyn A
  • Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA.
Tsoi, Mayra
  • Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, Lansing, Michigan, USA.
Frobish, Daniel
  • Department of Statistics, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Grand Valley State University, Allendale, Michigan, USA.
VanderBroek, Ashley R
  • Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA.

Grant Funding

  • RH082218-VANDE / Robert & Janet Hafner Fund for Animal Health fund via the Endowed Research Funds

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