FREE SHIPPING over $40
OVER 9000 FIVE-STAR REVIEWS
5% OFF ALL SUBSCRIPTIONS
100% HAPPINESS GUARANTEE
Analyze Diet
0
Home / Equine Research Bank / Can Vet J / [Intravenous anesthesia in the horse: comparison of xylazine...
The Canadian veterinary journal = La revue veterinaire canadienne1995; 36(10); 613-618;

[Intravenous anesthesia in the horse: comparison of xylazine-ketamine and xylazine-tiletamine-zolazepam combinations].

Abstract: Intravenous anesthesia in the horse: Comparison of xylazine-ketamine and xylaxine-tiletamine-zolazepam combinations. Six healthy adult horses were anesthetized twice at random with following intravenous combinations: 1.1 mg/kg of body weight (BW) of xylazine followed by 2.2 mg/kg BW of ketamine (X-K) and 1.1 mg/kg BW of xylazine followed by 1.65 mg/kg BW of tiletamine-zolazepam (X-TZ). The modifications of some cardiorespiratory parameters and the duration of anesthesia were evaluated and compared for the 2 protocols used. Few significant differences were observed between the 2 protocols in regard to the cardiorespiratory parameters measured. The respiratory rate was lower (7 breaths per minute) and the heart rate was higher (34 beats per minute) with the X-TZ combination. The duration of anesthesia with this technique was 33 +/- 3 minutes (X +/- Sx) and longer than with X-K (18 +/- minutes (X +/- Sx)). Superficial analgesia lasted 14,5 +/- 3 minutes with the X-K combination and 31,7 +/- 3,2 minutes for the X-TZ combination. The 2 protocols are associated with a reduction of PaO2. Intravenous anesthesia in the horse: Comparison of xylazine-ketamine and xylaxine-tiletamine-zolazepam combinations. Six healthy adult horses were anesthetized twice at random with following intravenous combinations: 1.1 mg/kg of body weight (BW) of xylazine followed by 2.2 mg/kg BW of ketamine (X-K) and 1.1 mg/kg BW of xylazine followed by 1.65 mg/kg BW of tiletamine-zolazepam (X-TZ). The modifications of some cardiorespiratory parameters and the duration of anesthesia were evaluated and compared for the 2 protocols used. Few significant differences were observed between the 2 protocols in regard to the cardiorespiratory parameters measured. The respiratory rate was lower (7 breaths per minute) and the heart rate was higher (34 beats per minute) with the X-TZ combination. The duration of anesthesia with this technique was 33 +/- 3 minutes (X +/- Sx) and longer than with X-K (18 +/- minutes (X +/- Sx)). Superficial analgesia lasted 14,5 +/- 3 minutes with the X-K combination and 31,7 +/- 3,2 minutes for the X-TZ combination. The 2 protocols are associated with a reduction of PaO2.
Get Full Text
Publication Date: 1995-10-01 PubMed ID: 8640633PubMed Central: PMC1687122
The Equine Research Bank provides access to a large database of publicly available scientific literature. Inclusion in the Research Bank does not imply endorsement of study methods or findings by Mad Barn.
LinkedInCopy
  • English Abstract
  • Journal Article
  • Research Support
  • Non-U.S. Gov't

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This study compares the effects of two intravenous anaesthesia combinations, xylazine-ketamine and xylazine-tiletamine-zolazepam, on horses. The research showed a few significant differences in cardiorespiratory parameters and highlighted that the xylazine-tiletamine-zolazepam combination resulted in a longer duration of anaesthesia and prolonged superficial analgesia compared to xylazine-ketamine.

Methods

  • Six healthy adult horses were included in the study and anesthetized using two different combinations of drugs: xylazine-ketamine (X-K) and xylazine-tiletamine-zolazepam (X-TZ).
  • For the X-K combination, the horses were administered 1.1 mg/kg body weight (BW) of xylazine followed by 2.2 mg/kg BW of ketamine.
  • For the X-TZ combination, the horses were administered 1.1 mg/kg BW of xylazine followed by 1.65 mg/kg BW of tiletamine-zolazepam.
  • The two different anaesthesia protocols were administered to the horses randomly.

Measurements and Outcomes

  • The cardiorespiratory parameters which included respiratory rate and heart rate were measured and compared between the two protocols.
  • The duration of anesthesia was recorded for each protocol. For the X-K protocol, it was found to be 18 minutes while for X-TZ, it was observed to be 33 minutes on average.
  • Superficial analgesia, which is the loss of pain sensation in superficial areas of the body like skin, was also evaluated in both protocols. The X-K protocol provided superficial analgesia for around 14.5 minutes while the X-TZ protocol led to analgesia that lasted roughly 31.7 minutes.

Summary of Findings

  • There were minimal significant differences between the respiratory and heart rates in both protocols. However, the respiratory rate was observed to be lower, and the heart rate was slightly higher with the X-TZ combination.
  • The duration of anesthesia and superficial analgesia was longer with the X-TZ protocol compared to the X-K protocol.
  • Both protocols exhibited a reduction in PaO2, which represents the partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood – an important indicator of an individual’s respiratory efficiency.

Conclusion

  • The study concluded that the X-TZ combination results in a longer duration of both anesthesia and superficial analgesia in horses.
  • Despite some minor variations in cardiorespiratory parameters, both protocols are generally effective and safe for intravenous anaesthesia in horses.

Cite This Article

APA
Cuvelliez S, Rosseel G, Blais D, Salmon Y, Troncy E, Larivière N. (1995). [Intravenous anesthesia in the horse: comparison of xylazine-ketamine and xylazine-tiletamine-zolazepam combinations]. Can Vet J, 36(10), 613-618.

Publication

The Canadian veterinary journal = La revue veterinaire canadienne
ISSN: 0008-5286
NlmUniqueID: 0004653
Country: Canada
Language: fre
Volume: 36
Issue: 10
Pages: 613-618

Researcher Affiliations

Cuvelliez, S
  • Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada.
Rosseel, G
    Blais, D
      Salmon, Y
        Troncy, E
          Larivière, N

            MeSH Terms

            • Anesthesia, Intravenous / veterinary
            • Anesthetics, Dissociative
            • Anesthetics, Intravenous
            • Animals
            • Drug Combinations
            • Heart Rate / drug effects
            • Horses / physiology
            • Hypnotics and Sedatives
            • Ketamine
            • Male
            • Oxygen / blood
            • Respiration / drug effects
            • Tiletamine
            • Xylazine
            • Zolazepam

            References

            This article includes 17 references
            1. Hellyer P, Muir WW 3rd, Hubbell JA, Sally J. Cardiorespiratory effects of the intravenous administration of tiletamine-zolazepam to dogs.. Vet Surg 1989 Mar-Apr;18(2):160-5.
              pubmed: 2728338doi: 10.1111/j.1532-950x.1989.tb01063.xgoogle scholar: lookup
            2. Hubbell JA, Bednarski RM, Muir WW. Xylazine and tiletamine-zolazepam anesthesia in horses.. Am J Vet Res 1989 May;50(5):737-42.
              pubmed: 2729719
            3. Hellyer P, Muir WW 3rd, Hubbell JA, Sally J. Cardiorespiratory effects of the intravenous administration of tiletamine-zolazepam to cats.. Vet Surg 1988 Mar-Apr;17(2):105-10.
              pubmed: 3238874doi: 10.1111/j.1532-950x.1988.tb00287.xgoogle scholar: lookup
            4. Matthews NS, Hartsfield SM, Cornick JL, Williams JD, Beasley A. A comparison of injectable anesthetic combinations in horses.. Vet Surg 1991 Jul-Aug;20(4):268-73.
              pubmed: 1949566doi: 10.1111/j.1532-950x.1991.tb01262.xgoogle scholar: lookup
            5. Payton AJ, Pick JR. Evaluation of a combination of tiletamine and zolazepam as an anesthetic for ferrets.. Lab Anim Sci 1989 May;39(3):243-6.
              pubmed: 2724926
            6. Muir WW, Sams RA, Huffman RH, Noonan JS. Pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties of diazepam in horses.. Am J Vet Res 1982 Oct;43(10):1756-62.
              pubmed: 7149375
            7. Schatzmann U, Koehli M, Dudan F, Rohr W, Jones RS. Effect of postural changes on certain circulatory and respiratory values in the horse.. Am J Vet Res 1982 Jun;43(6):1003-5.
              pubmed: 6808866
            8. Wright M. Pharmacologic effects of ketamine and its use in veterinary medicine.. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1982 Jun 15;180(12):1462-71.
              pubmed: 6124527
            9. Hall LW, Taylor PM. Clinical trial of xylazine with ketamine in equine anaesthesia.. Vet Rec 1981 Jun 6;108(23):489-93.
              pubmed: 7029871doi: 10.1136/vr.108.23.489google scholar: lookup
            10. Muir WW, Skarda RT, Sheehan W. Hemodynamic and respiratory effects of a xylazine-acetylpromazine drug combination in horses.. Am J Vet Res 1979 Nov;40(11):1518-22.
              pubmed: 43105
            11. Howard BW, Lagutchik MS, Januszkiewicz AJ, Martin DG. The cardiovascular response of sheep to tiletamine-zolazepam and butorphanol tartrate anesthesia.. Vet Surg 1990 Nov-Dec;19(6):461-7.
              pubmed: 2124749doi: 10.1111/j.1532-950x.1990.tb01235.xgoogle scholar: lookup
            12. Lin HC, Thurmon JC, Benson GJ, Tranquilli WJ, Olson WA. The hemodynamic response of calves to tiletamine-zolazepam anesthesia.. Vet Surg 1989 Jul-Aug;18(4):328-34.
              pubmed: 2773295doi: 10.1111/j.1532-950x.1989.tb01093.xgoogle scholar: lookup
            13. Trim CM, Adams JG, Hovda LR. Failure of ketamine to induce anesthesia in two horses.. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1987 Jan 15;190(2):201-2.
              pubmed: 3818435
            14. Brock N, Hildebrand SV. A comparison of xylazine-diazepam-ketamine and xylazine-guaifenesin-ketamine in equine anesthesia.. Vet Surg 1990 Nov-Dec;19(6):468-74.
              pubmed: 2124750doi: 10.1111/j.1532-950x.1990.tb01237.xgoogle scholar: lookup
            15. Kerr DD, Jones EW, Huggins K, Edwards WC. Sedative and other effects of xylazine given intravenously to horses.. Am J Vet Res 1972 Mar;33(3):525-32.
              pubmed: 5014460
            16. McCashin FB, Gabel AA. Evaluation of xylazine as a sedative and preanesthetic agent in horses.. Am J Vet Res 1975 Oct;36(10):1421-9.
              pubmed: 1190582
            17. Muir WW, Skarda RT, Milne DW. Evaluation of xylazine and ketamine hydrochloride for anesthesia in horses.. Am J Vet Res 1977 Feb;38(2):195-201.
              pubmed: 842917

            Citations

            This article has been cited 0 times.
            Subscribe to our newsletter
            Join 99,344 horse owners like you who receive our email updates on horse health and nutrition.