Isolation and genetic analysis of Japanese encephalitis virus from a diseased horse in Japan.
Abstract: Japanese encephalitis (JE) developed in an unvaccinated half-bred horse kept in Tottori Prefecture, Japan. The animal showed ataxia with pyrexia and low appetite, and ultimately died. A viral strain was isolated from the cerebrum of the horse and was identified as JE virus (JEV) by RT-PCR using JEV specific primers. The isolated JEV was classified into genotype I by nucleotide sequence analysis of the viral envelope gene. We believe that this is the first report of the genotype I strain being isolated from a horse.
Publication Date: 2006-04-07 PubMed ID: 16598178DOI: 10.1292/jvms.68.293Google Scholar: Lookup
The Equine Research Bank provides access to a large database of publicly available scientific literature. Inclusion in the Research Bank does not imply endorsement of study methods or findings by Mad Barn.
- Case Reports
- Journal Article
Summary
This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.
The research article presents a study conducted in Japan in which the Japanese Encephalitis virus (JEV) was successfully isolated from a diseased horse. The isolated strain of JEV was classified as genotype I following nucleotide sequence analysis, marking the first time this particular strain has been identified in a horse.
Background of the Research
- This study takes place in Tottori Prefecture, Japan, where a half-bred horse that was not vaccinated against Japanese Encephalitis (JE) showed symptoms of the disease including fever, lack of appetite, and ataxia (loss of muscular coordination).
- The horse eventually succumbed to the illness, prompting the researchers to investigate further.
Process of Isolation and Identification of the Virus
- The researchers isolated a strain of the virus from the cerebral region of the diseased horse. This was done using a technique known as reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), which is commonly used to detect and analyze RNA viruses, such as JEV.
- The RT-PCR process requires specific ‘primers’, short nucleotide sequences that serve as a starting point for DNA synthesis. In this case, JEV specific primers were used, which means the isolated virus could be identified as JEV.
Genetic Analysis of the Virus
- Following the isolation and identification of the virus, the researchers conducted a nucleotide sequence analysis of the viral envelope gene. The envelope gene is particularly vital since it’s involved in the process of viral attachment to host cells and entry into cells, which can impact the virus’s pathogenicity and immune evasion tactics.
- Through this analysis, the team was able to classify the isolated JEV as belonging to genotype I. This implies that the strain of the virus found in the horse had a specific genetic makeup that categorized it into the specified genotype.
Significance of the Research
- This study is significant because it is reported to be the first instance of a genotype I strain of JEV being isolated from a horse.
- This finding could provide important understanding into the impact of different JEV genotypes on various host species, and may contribute to the strategies for prevention and control of the disease.
Cite This Article
APA
Yamanaka T, Tsujimura K, Kondo T, Yasuda W, Okada A, Noda K, Okumura T, Matsumura T.
(2006).
Isolation and genetic analysis of Japanese encephalitis virus from a diseased horse in Japan.
J Vet Med Sci, 68(3), 293-295.
https://doi.org/10.1292/jvms.68.293 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Epizootic Research Center, Equine Research Institute, Japan Racing Association, Tochigi 329-0412, Japan.
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Antibodies, Viral / blood
- Base Sequence
- Encephalitis Virus, Japanese / genetics
- Encephalitis Virus, Japanese / isolation & purification
- Encephalitis, Japanese / veterinary
- Encephalitis, Japanese / virology
- Fatal Outcome
- Genotype
- Horse Diseases / virology
- Horses
- Japan
- Male
- Mice
- Neutralization Tests / veterinary
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction / veterinary
- Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid
Citations
This article has been cited 14 times.- Patroca da Silva S, Barbosa de Almeida Medeiros D, Ribeiro Cruz AC, Marques França AF, Diniz Nunes BT, Guerreiro Rodrigues DS, Pinto da Silva EV, Almada GL, Neves Casseb LM, Correia Rodrigues da Cunha MA, Dias Pestana Santos MG, Dilcher M, Britto SG, Martins Romano AP, Chiang JO, Martins LC. Co-infection of Peruvian horse sickness virus and West Nile virus associated with neurological diseases in horses from Brazil.. Heliyon 2022 Dec;8(12):e12097.
- Kumar B, Manuja A, Gulati BR, Virmani N, Tripathi BN. Zoonotic Viral Diseases of Equines and Their Impact on Human and Animal Health.. Open Virol J 2018;12:80-98.
- Yun SI, Lee YM. Early Events in Japanese Encephalitis Virus Infection: Viral Entry.. Pathogens 2018 Aug 13;7(3).
- Nanfack Minkeu F, Vernick KD. A Systematic Review of the Natural Virome of Anopheles Mosquitoes.. Viruses 2018 Apr 25;10(5).
- Kang BK, Hwang JM, Moon H, Han SY, Kim JM, Yang DK, Park BK, Song D. Comparison of the antigenic relationship between Japanese encephalitis virus genotypes 1 and 3.. Clin Exp Vaccine Res 2016 Jan;5(1):26-30.
- Wang H, Liang G. Epidemiology of Japanese encephalitis: past, present, and future prospects.. Ther Clin Risk Manag 2015;11:435-48.
- Bielefeldt-Ohmann H, Prow NA, Wang W, Tan CS, Coyle M, Douma A, Hobson-Peters J, Kidd L, Hall RA, Petrovsky N. Safety and immunogenicity of a delta inulin-adjuvanted inactivated Japanese encephalitis virus vaccine in pregnant mares and foals.. Vet Res 2014 Dec 17;45(1):130.
- Katayama T, Saito S, Horiuchi S, Maruta T, Kato T, Yanase T, Yamakawa M, Shirafuji H. Nonsuppurative encephalomyelitis in a calf in Japan and isolation of Japanese encephalitis virus genotype 1 from the affected calf.. J Clin Microbiol 2013 Oct;51(10):3448-53.
- Gulati BR, Singha H, Singh BK, Virmani N, Kumar S, Singh RK. Isolation and genetic characterization of Japanese encephalitis virus from equines in India.. J Vet Sci 2012 Jun;13(2):111-8.
- Gulati BR, Singha H, Singh BK, Virmani N, Khurana SK, Singh RK. Serosurveillance for Japanese encephalitis virus infection among equines in India.. J Vet Sci 2011 Dec;12(4):341-5.
- Wang K, Deubel V. Mice with different susceptibility to Japanese encephalitis virus infection show selective neutralizing antibody response and myeloid cell infectivity.. PLoS One 2011;6(9):e24744.
- Hollidge BS, González-Scarano F, Soldan SS. Arboviral encephalitides: transmission, emergence, and pathogenesis.. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2010 Sep;5(3):428-42.
- Yang DK, Kim BH, Kweon CH, Nah JJ, Kim HJ, Lee KW, Yang YJ, Mun KW. Serosurveillance for Japanese encephalitis, Akabane, and Aino viruses for Thoroughbred horses in Korea.. J Vet Sci 2008 Dec;9(4):381-5.
- May FJ, Li L, Zhang S, Guzman H, Beasley DWC, Tesh RB, Higgs S, Raj P, Bueno R, Randle Y, Chandler L, Barrett ADT. Genetic variation of St. Louis encephalitis virus.. J Gen Virol 2008 Aug;89(Pt 8):1901-1910.
Use Nutrition Calculator
Check if your horse's diet meets their nutrition requirements with our easy-to-use tool Check your horse's diet with our easy-to-use tool
Talk to a Nutritionist
Discuss your horse's feeding plan with our experts over a free phone consultation Discuss your horse's diet over a phone consultation
Submit Diet Evaluation
Get a customized feeding plan for your horse formulated by our equine nutritionists Get a custom feeding plan formulated by our nutritionists
