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mBio2020; 11(1); e03429-19; doi: 10.1128/mBio.03429-19

Isolation and Molecular Analysis of a Novel Neorickettsia Species That Causes Potomac Horse Fever.

Abstract: Potomac horse fever (PHF), a severe and frequently fatal febrile diarrheal disease, has been known to be caused only by , an endosymbiont of digenean trematodes. Here, we report the cell culture isolation of a new species found in two locations in eastern Ontario, Canada, in 2016 and 2017 (in addition to 10 variable strains of ) from PCR-negative horses with clinical signs of PHF. Gene sequences of 16S rRNA and the major surface antigen P51 of this new species were distinct from those of all previously characterized strains and species, except for those from an uncharacterized species culture isolate from a horse with PHF in northern Ohio in 1991. The new species nonetheless had the characteristic intramolecular repeats within strain-specific antigen 3 (Ssa3), which were found in all sequenced Ssa3s of strains. Experimental inoculation of two naive ponies with the new species produced severe and subclinical PHF, respectively, and the bacteria were reisolated from both of them, fulfilling Koch's postulates. Serological assay titers against the new species were higher than those against Whole-genome sequence analysis of the new species revealed unique features of this bacterium compared with We propose to classify this new bacterium as sp. nov. This finding will improve the laboratory diagnosis of and vaccine for PHF, environmental risk assessment of PHF, and understanding of PHF pathogenesis and biology in general. Despite the detection of species DNA sequences in various trematode species and their hosts, only three species have been cell culture isolated and whole-genome sequenced and are known to infect mammals and/or cause disease. The molecular mechanisms that enable the obligatory intracellular bacterium to colonize trematodes and to horizontally transmit from trematodes to mammals, as well as the virulence factors associated with specific mammalian hosts, are unknown. Potomac horse fever (PHF) is a severe and acute systemic infectious disease of horses, with clinical signs that include diarrhea. is the only known bacterial species that causes PHF. Ingestion of insects harboring -infected trematodes by horses leads to PHF. Our discovery of a new species that causes PHF and whole-genome sequence analysis of this bacterium will improve laboratory diagnosis and vaccine development for PHF and will contribute to our understanding of ecology, pathogenesis, and biology.
Copyright © 2020 Teymournejad et al.
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Publication Date: 2020-02-25 PubMed ID: 32098825PubMed Central: PMC7042704DOI: 10.1128/mBio.03429-19Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research reveals a newly discovered species of the bacterium Neorickettsia, which causes Potomac Horse Fever (PHF), a severe diarrheal disease in horses. This discovery progresses the understanding of PHF, and could aid in its diagnosis, prevention, and treatment.

Study Aim and Research Methods

  • The researchers aimed to explore the bacteria causing Potomac Horse Fever (PHF) and investigate if there are other subspecies contributing to the disease.
  • The team in Canada isolated the strain of bacteria from horses exhibiting signs of PHF over two years (2016 and 2017).
  • They then conducted genetic analysis of 16S rRNA and the major surface antigen P51 of this new Neorickettsia species.
  • An experimental inoculation of two healthy ponies was performed with this new Neorickettsia species to see if it would incite PHF.
  • Whole-genome sequence analysis of the newly identified Neorickettsia species was also undertaken.

Key Findings

  • A new species of Neorickettsia was identified, with distinct gene sequences of the 16S rRNA and major surface antigen P51 compared to previously known strains.
  • Experimental inoculation of ponies with this new species demonstrated its capacity to cause PHF.
  • Whole-genome sequence analysis unveiled unique features of this bacterium compared to previously identified Neorickettsia.
  • The bacteria were successfully isolated from the experimental ponies, thus satisfying Koch’s postulates and proving this new species as a causative agent of PHF.

Implications and Future Research

  • The discovery of this new Neorickettsia species improves the knowledge of PHF, a severe equine disease, and could enhance its lab diagnosis.
  • As the new bacterial species exhibits unique genetic features, it could inform the design of new, more targeted vaccines for PHF.
  • Understanding this new strain could also assist with risk assessments related to PHF in different environments.
  • While this study deepened the understanding of PHF, the mechanisms enabling Neorickettsia to colonize trematodes and transmit to mammals, as well as the associated virulence factors, still remain to be explored.

Cite This Article

APA
Teymournejad O, Lin M, Bekebrede H, Kamr A, Toribio RE, Arroyo LG, Baird JD, Rikihisa Y. (2020). Isolation and Molecular Analysis of a Novel Neorickettsia Species That Causes Potomac Horse Fever. mBio, 11(1), e03429-19. https://doi.org/10.1128/mBio.03429-19

Publication

mBio
ISSN: 2150-7511
NlmUniqueID: 101519231
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 11
Issue: 1
PII: e03429-19

Researcher Affiliations

Teymournejad, Omid
  • Laboratory of Molecular, Cellular, and Environmental Rickettsiology, Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.
Lin, Mingqun
  • Laboratory of Molecular, Cellular, and Environmental Rickettsiology, Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.
Bekebrede, Hannah
  • Laboratory of Molecular, Cellular, and Environmental Rickettsiology, Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.
Kamr, Ahmed
  • Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.
Toribio, Ramiro E
  • Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.
Arroyo, Luis G
  • Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada.
Baird, John D
  • Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada.
Rikihisa, Yasuko
  • Laboratory of Molecular, Cellular, and Environmental Rickettsiology, Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA Rikihisa.1@osu.edu.

MeSH Terms

  • Anaplasmataceae Infections / diagnosis
  • Anaplasmataceae Infections / microbiology
  • Animals
  • Antigens, Bacterial / genetics
  • Canada
  • DNA, Bacterial / analysis
  • Disease Models, Animal
  • Female
  • Horse Diseases / diagnosis
  • Horse Diseases / microbiology
  • Horses
  • Male
  • Neorickettsia / classification
  • Neorickettsia / genetics
  • Neorickettsia / isolation & purification
  • Neorickettsia / pathogenicity
  • Neorickettsia risticii / genetics
  • Neorickettsia risticii / isolation & purification
  • Phylogeny
  • Polymerase Chain Reaction
  • RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / genetics
  • Sequence Analysis
  • Trematoda / microbiology
  • Whole Genome Sequencing

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