Isolation of a gammaherpesvirus similar to asinine herpesvirus-2 (AHV-2) from a mule and a survey of mules and donkeys for AHV-2 infection by real-time PCR.
Abstract: Equids are commonly infected by herpesviruses, but isolation of herpesviruses from mules has apparently not been previously reported. Furthermore, the genomic relationships among the various equid herpesviruses are poorly characterized. We describe the isolation and preliminary characterization of a mule gammaherpesvirus tentatively identified as asinine herpesvirus-2 (AHV-2; also designated equid herpesvirus-7 (EHV-7)) from the nasal secretions (NS) of a healthy mule in northern California. The virus was initially identified by transmission electron microscopic examination of lysates of cell culture inoculated with NS collected from the mule. A 913 nucleotide sequence of the DNA polymerase gene was amplified using degenerate primers, and comparison of this sequence with those of various other herpesviruses showed that the mule herpesvirus was most closely related to EHV-2 (AHV-2 sequences were not available for comparison). The sequence of a shorter portion (166 nucleotides) of the mule herpesvirus DNA polymerase gene was identical to that of the published sequence of an asinine gammaherpesvirus, previously designated as AHV-4-3 (AY054992). AHV-2 was detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction assay in the NS of approximately 8% of a cohort of 114 healthy mules and 13 donkeys.
Publication Date: 2008-01-03 PubMed ID: 18280676DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2007.12.013Google Scholar: Lookup
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- Journal Article
- Research Support
- Non-U.S. Gov't
Summary
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This research article shares the discovery and initial analysis of a herpesvirus found in mules, like the asinine herpesvirus-2. The researchers found that about 8% of a group of 114 healthy mules and 13 donkeys carried this virus.
Context and Objective
- The context of the research is the understanding and characterization of various herpesviruses in equids, such as mules and donkeys. Before this study, herpesviruses had not been previously reported in mules and the genomic relationships among different equid herpesviruses were poorly recognized.
- The primary aim was to isolate and preliminarily analyze a herpesvirus tentatively identified as asinine herpesvirus-2 (AHV-2), also referred to as equid herpesvirus-7 (EHV-7), from the nasal secretions of a healthy mule in northern California.
Methods and Findings
- The identification of the virus was initially done through a transmission electron microscope examination of lysates from a cell culture inoculated with the nasal secretions collected from the mule.
- Further identification took the form of amplifying a 913 nucleotide sequence of the DNA polymerase gene using degenerate primers. Its comparison with various other herpesviruses showed that this new isolate was most closely related to EHV-2. However, AHV-2 sequences were not available for comparison.
- The sequence of a shorter portion, with 166 nucleotides, of the mule herpesvirus DNA polymerase gene matched identically with the published sequence of an asinine gammaherpesvirus, which was previously designated as AHV-4-3 (AY054992).
- Using real-time PCR assays, the researchers were able to detect AHV-2 in the nasal secretions of approximately 8% of a cohort of 114 healthy mules and 13 donkeys.
Implications
- The study contributes substantial knowledge to the understanding and characterization of herpesviruses within equids, filling a knowledge gap where herpesviruses from mules had not been reported before.
- The findings suggest that some equids could be carriers of related herpesviruses without showing any signs of illness. This could potentially shed light on virus transmission dynamics and control measures within equid population.
Cite This Article
APA
Bell SA, Pusterla N, Balasuriya UB, Mapes SM, Nyberg NL, MacLachlan NJ.
(2008).
Isolation of a gammaherpesvirus similar to asinine herpesvirus-2 (AHV-2) from a mule and a survey of mules and donkeys for AHV-2 infection by real-time PCR.
Vet Microbiol, 130(1-2), 176-183.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetmic.2007.12.013 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Equine Viral Disease Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Equidae / virology
- Gammaherpesvirinae / classification
- Gammaherpesvirinae / isolation & purification
- Herpesviridae Infections / veterinary
- Herpesviridae Infections / virology
- Phylogeny
- Polymerase Chain Reaction / veterinary
Citations
This article has been cited 12 times.- Wang T, Xi C, Yu Y, Liu W, Akhtar MF, Li Y, Wang C, Li L. Characteristics and epidemiological investigation of equid herpesvirus 8 in donkeys in Shandong, China.. Arch Virol 2023 Mar 4;168(3):99.
- Nielsen SS, Alvarez J, Bicout DJ, Calistri P, Canali E, Drewe JA, Garin-Bastuji B, Gonzales Rojas JL, Gortázar C, Herskin M, Michel V, Miranda Chueca MÁ, Roberts HC, Padalino B, Pasquali P, Spoolder H, Ståhl K, Calvo AV, Viltrop A, Winckler C, Carvelli A, Paillot R, Broglia A, Kohnle L, Baldinelli F, Van der Stede Y. Assessment of listing and categorisation of animal diseases within the framework of the Animal Health Law (Regulation (EU) No 2016/429): infection with Equine Herpesvirus-1.. EFSA J 2022 Jan;20(1):e07036.
- Maboni G, Kelly EJ, Clancy CS, De Luca E, Baldwin TJ, Van Wettere AJ, Kane AJ, Peterson S, Warr VG, Bastian DA, Sanchez S. Detection of asinine gammaherpesviruses in association with pulmonary fibrosis in free-ranging donkeys.. J Vet Diagn Invest 2022 Jan;34(1):167-171.
- Mira F, Canuti M, Di Bella S, Puleio R, Lavazza A, Lelli D, Vicari D, Purpari G, Cannella V, Chiaramonte G, Schirò G, Castronovo C, Guercio A. Detection and Molecular Characterization of Two Gammaherpesviruses from Pantesco Breed Donkeys during an Outbreak of Mild Respiratory Disease.. Viruses 2021 Aug 2;13(8).
- Dayaram A, Seeber PA, Greenwood AD. Environmental Detection and Potential Transmission of Equine Herpesviruses.. Pathogens 2021 Apr 1;10(4).
- Câmara RJF, Bueno BL, Resende CF, Balasuriya UBR, Sakamoto SM, Reis JKPD. Viral Diseases that Affect Donkeys and Mules.. Animals (Basel) 2020 Nov 25;10(12).
- Martella V, Lanave G, Camero M, Larocca V, Lorusso E, Catella C, Capozza P, Tempesta M, Buonavoglia C. Identification of a Novel α-herpesvirus Associated with Ulcerative Stomatitis in Donkeys.. Emerg Infect Dis 2020 Dec;26(12):3044-3047.
- Jerele S, Davis E, Mapes S, Pusterla N, Navas González FJ, Iglesias Pastrana C, Abdelfattah EM, McLean A. Survey of Serum Amyloid A and Bacterial and Viral Frequency Using qPCR Levels in Recently Captured Feral Donkeys from Death Valley National Park (California).. Animals (Basel) 2020 Jun 23;10(6).
- Seeber PA, Dayaram A, Sicks F, Osterrieder N, Franz M, Greenwood AD. Noninvasive Detection of Equid Herpesviruses in Fecal Samples.. Appl Environ Microbiol 2019 Feb 1;85(3).
- Marenzoni ML, Stefanetti V, Danzetta ML, Timoney PJ. Gammaherpesvirus infections in equids: a review.. Vet Med (Auckl) 2015;6:91-101.
- Moeller RB Jr, Crossley B, Pipkin A, Li Y, Balasuriya UBR. Systemic equid alphaherpesvirus 9 in a Grant's zebra.. J Vet Diagn Invest 2018 Jul;30(4):580-583.
- LeCuyer TE, Rink A, Bradway DS, Evermann JF, Nicola AV, Baszler T, Haldorson GJ. Abortion in a Mediterranean miniature donkey (Equus asinus) associated with a gammaherpesvirus similar to Equid herpesvirus 7.. J Vet Diagn Invest 2015 Nov;27(6):749-53.
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