Isolation, serological and molecular methods in screening of Burkholderia mallei in East Azerbaijan province, Iran.
Abstract: Glanders caused by Burkholderia mallei is one of the most dangerous zoonotic diseases in solipeds. Clinical diagnosis of this disease in its early stages in horses, is difficult. This study investigated serological and molecular identification of B. mallei in East Azerbaijan province. In the third and fourth quarters of 2020, throughout 2021, and in the first and second quarters of 2022, the complement fixation test (CFT) was performed on 350 horses. The malleination was used to confirm the positive CFT cases. Blood samples were taken for culture and for preparing serums to perform the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Deep eye discharge, nostril, cutaneous ulcers and lymph fluid swabs were cultured, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was carried out. Eleven horses were CFT-positive. Based on the malleination on the 11 horses, six were affected by glanders, five were not affected (false positive), and one horse was CFT-negative despite exhibiting clinical signs. It was positive by malleination, ELISA and PCR. A total number of seven positive cases of glanders were diagnosed. The B. mallei could not be isolated, but the Burkholderia cepacia complex was isolated in one case. Except for three cases, the results of the CFT, mallein and ELISA tests were consistent. The amount of confidence interval was 95.00%. It is suggested that ELISA could be used as a complement to CFT in screening and, if positive results are observed in one of the tests, the entire herd must be examined more accurately using the mallein and western blot confirmatory tests.
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Publication Date: 2024-05-15 PubMed ID: 39022578PubMed Central: PMC11251541DOI: 10.30466/vrf.2024.2010651.4002Google Scholar: Lookup
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- Journal Article
Summary
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The research focuses on the detection and identification of Burkholderia mallei, the bacteria causing the zoonotic disease Glanders in horses in East Azerbaijan province, Iran, using various methods — serological, molecular and diagnostic tests.
Introduction and Methodology
- The research was conducted across four different time periods spanning from the third quarter of 2020 to the second quarter of 2022.
- For the study, the researchers used various methods to screen for Burkholderia mallei. This included complement fixation test (CFT), malleination, and enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA).
- A total of 350 horses were brought under the test. Blood samples were taken from these horses to culture, and to prepare serums for ELISA.
- The researchers also conducted a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test using deep eye discharge, nostril, cutaneous ulcers, and lymph fluid swabs.
Results of the Research
- Out of the 350 horses tested, eleven were found to be positive for glanders through the CFT test.
- Malleination was used to confirm the positive CFT cases, and it was found that six out of the eleven positive horses were affected by glanders, while five were false positives.
- One horse, despite being CFT-negative, showed clear clinical signs of glanders and was confirmed positive by malleination, ELISA, and PCR.
- Hence, a total of seven horses were diagnosed with glanders.
- However, the researchers were not able to isolate the causative bacteria, B. mallei.
Conclusion and Recommendations
- The study suggests that, in most instances, there was consistency in the results obtained from the CFT, mallein and ELISA tests. Three cases, however, displayed inconsistencies.
- The amount of confidence interval for the tests was found to be 95.00%.
- The researchers recommend that ELISA could be used in conjunction with CFT for better accuracy in screening for glanders.
- Furthermore, if any positive results are observed in one of the tests, the entire herd must be examined further using the mallein and western blot confirmatory tests for a more accurate diagnosis.
Cite This Article
APA
Tikmehdash HT, Dehnad A, Mosavari N, Naghili Hokmabadi B, Mahmazi S.
(2024).
Isolation, serological and molecular methods in screening of Burkholderia mallei in East Azerbaijan province, Iran.
Vet Res Forum, 15(5), 231-236.
https://doi.org/10.30466/vrf.2024.2010651.4002 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Zanjan Branch, Zanjan, Iran.
- Department of Livestock Bacterial Diseases Research, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Karaj, Iran.
- Reference Laboratory of Bovine Tuberculosis, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization, Karaj, Iran.
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Zanjan Branch, Zanjan, Iran.
Conflict of Interest Statement
The authors declare no conflict of interest.
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