ITS-1 ribosomal DNA sequence variants are maintained in different species and strains of Echinococcus.
Abstract: This study investigated sequence heterogeneity in the first internal transcribed spacer (ITS-1) of ribosomal DNA within and among species and strains of Echinococcus. Different ITS-1 sequence variants exist in Echinococcus granulosus and Echinococcus multilocularis, which represent at least four evolutionary lineages: (1) a sheep strain-lineage of E. granulosus, (2) a sister lineage of a cervid and camel E. granulosus ITS-1 variants, (3) a lineage including the ITS-1 variants representing horse, bovine and camel strains of E. granulosus, as well as variants from E. multilocularis, Echinococcus oligarthrus and Echinococcus vogeli and (4) a distinct lineage of ITS-1 variants including E. granulosus strains from sheep and cervid, and E. multilocularis. At least two of the species (E. granulosus and E. multilocularis) were paraphyletic for ITS-1. Divergent ITS-1 variants from these two species shared distinct evolutionary lineages. The sequence data provided evidence that at least two turnover mechanisms, namely slippage and unequal crossing over/transposition, have led to the divergence and maintenance of sequence variants in Echinococcus species and strains.
Publication Date: 2000-03-08 PubMed ID: 10704599DOI: 10.1016/s0020-7519(00)00002-3Google Scholar: Lookup
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- Journal Article
- Research Support
- Non-U.S. Gov't
Summary
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The research article focuses on the investigation of variations in the first internal transcribed spacer (ITS-1) of ribosomal DNA within different species and strains of Echinococcus. The study revealed that different evolutionary lineages exist due to various mutation mechanisms.
Study Focus
- This research primarily focuses on understanding sequence heterogeneity of the ribosomal DNA’s first internal transcribed spacer (ITS-1) across various species and strains of Echinococcus.
- The particular species studied within the Echinococcus genus were Echinococcus granulosus and Echinococcus multilocularis, both of which maintained different ITS-1 sequence variants.
Evolutionary Lineages
- The study confirms the presence of at least four evolutionary lineages.
- The first lineage is a sheep strain-lineage of E. granulosus.
- The second lineage relates to E. granulosus ITS-1 variants from cervid and camel.
- The third lineage includes ITS-1 variants that represent horse, bovine, and camel strains of E. granulosus; this lineage also incorporates variants from E. multilocularis, Echinococcus oligarthrus, and Echinococcus vogeli.
- The fourth lineage represents a unique blend of ITS-1 variants that combines E. granulosus strains from sheep and cervid, along with E. multilocularis.
Species Paraphyly and Distinct Evolutionary Lineages
- Two of the species, E. granulosus and E. multilocularis, were paraphyletic for ITS-1, meaning these species share an ancestor but do not contain all of the descendants of that ancestor.
- Divergent ITS-1 variants from these two species could be seen in distinct evolutionary lineages, supporting the notion of their paraphyletic nature.
Turnover Mechanisms Leading to Divergence
- The research offers evidence that at least two turnover mechanisms lead to the divergence and sustenance of sequence variants in Echinococcus species and strains.
- These turnover mechanisms are slippage, an error in DNA replication that leads to mutations, and unequal crossing over/transposition, a type of genetic recombination which scrambles the information in the DNA sequences.
Cite This Article
APA
van Herwerden L, Gasser RB, Blair D.
(2000).
ITS-1 ribosomal DNA sequence variants are maintained in different species and strains of Echinococcus.
Int J Parasitol, 30(2), 157-169.
https://doi.org/10.1016/s0020-7519(00)00002-3 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Department of Veterinary Science, The University of Melbourne, 250 Princes Highway, Werribee, Australia.
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Base Sequence
- Camelus
- Cattle
- Consensus Sequence
- DNA, Helminth / chemistry
- DNA, Ribosomal / genetics
- Deer
- Echinococcus / classification
- Echinococcus / genetics
- Evolution, Molecular
- Genetic Variation
- Genotype
- Horses
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
- Sheep
Citations
This article has been cited 12 times.- Beigh A, Darzi M, Bashir S, Dar P, Ganai N, Malik S, Bhat B. Epidemiological and Molecular Characterization of Echinococcus granulosus Isolated from Small Ruminants in Kashmir Valley, India.. Iran J Parasitol 2021 Jul-Sep;16(3):357-365.
- Mirzapour A, Spotin A, Behniafar H, Azizi H, Maleki B, Shakeraminia H, Seyyed Tabaei SJ. Intra-Species Diversity of Leishmania major and L. tropica from Clinical Isolates of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Southwest Iran Inferred by ITS1-rDNA.. Iran J Public Health 2019 May;48(5):893-901.
- Shariatzadeh SA, Spotin A, Gholami S, Fallah E, Hazratian T, Mahami-Oskouei M, Montazeri F, Moslemzadeh HR, Shahbazi A. The first morphometric and phylogenetic perspective on molecular epidemiology of Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato in stray dogs in a hyperendemic Middle East focus, northwestern Iran.. Parasit Vectors 2015 Aug 6;8:409.
- Spotin A, Gholami S, Nasab AN, Fallah E, Oskouei MM, Semnani V, Shariatzadeh SA, Shahbazi A. Designing and conducting in silico analysis for identifying of Echinococcus spp. with discrimination of novel haplotypes: an approach to better understanding of parasite taxonomic.. Parasitol Res 2015 Apr;114(4):1503-9.
- Spotin A, Rouhani S, Parvizi P. The associations of Leishmania major and Leishmania tropica aspects by focusing their morphological and molecular features on clinical appearances in Khuzestan Province, Iran.. Biomed Res Int 2014;2014:913510.
- Debourgogne A, Goehringer F, Umhang G, Gauchotte G, Hénard S, Boué F, May T, Machouart M. Primary cerebral alveolar echinococcosis: mycology to the rescue.. J Clin Microbiol 2014 Feb;52(2):692-4.
- Králová-Hromadová I, Bazsalovicsová E, Oros M, Scholz T. Sequence structure and intragenomic variability of ribosomal ITS2 in monozoic tapeworms of the genus Khawia (Cestoda: Caryophyllidea), parasites of cyprinid fish.. Parasitol Res 2012 Oct;111(4):1621-7.
- Bazsalovicsová E, Králová-Hromadová I, Stefka J, Scholz T. Molecular characterization of Atractolytocestus sagittatus (Cestoda: Caryophyllidea), monozoic parasite of common carp, and its differentiation from the invasive species Atractolytocestus huronensis.. Parasitol Res 2012 May;110(5):1621-9.
- Bazsalovicsová E, Králová-Hromadová I, Stefka J, Scholz T, Hanzelová V, Vávrová S, Szemes T, Kirk R. Population study of Atractolytocestus huronensis (Cestoda: Caryophyllidea), an invasive parasite of common carp introduced to Europe: mitochondrial cox1 haplotypes and intragenomic ribosomal ITS2 variants.. Parasitol Res 2011 Jul;109(1):125-31.
- Troccoli A, De Luca F, Handoo ZA, Di Vito M. Morphological and molecular characterization of Pratylenchus lentis n. sp. (Nematoda: Pratylenchidae) from Sicily.. J Nematol 2008 Sep;40(3):190-6.
- Köhsler M, Leitner B, Blaschitz M, Michel R, Aspöck H, Walochnik J. ITS1 sequence variabilities correlate with 18S rDNA sequence types in the genus Acanthamoeba (Protozoa: Amoebozoa).. Parasitol Res 2006 Jan;98(2):86-93.
- Eckert J, Deplazes P. Biological, epidemiological, and clinical aspects of echinococcosis, a zoonosis of increasing concern.. Clin Microbiol Rev 2004 Jan;17(1):107-35.
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