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Cytogenetic and genome research2004; 102(1-4); 235-243; doi: 10.1159/000075755

Karyotypic relationships of horses and zebras: results of cross-species chromosome painting.

Abstract: Complete sets of chromosome-specific painting probes, derived from flow-sorted chromosomes of human (HSA), Equus caballus (ECA) and Equus burchelli (EBU) were used to delineate conserved chromosomal segments between human and Equus burchelli, and among four equid species, E. przewalskii (EPR), E. caballus, E. burchelli and E. zebra hartmannae (EZH) by cross-species chromosome painting. Genome-wide comparative maps between these species have been established. Twenty-two human autosomal probes revealed 48 conserved segments in E. burchelli. The adjacent segment combinations HSA3/21, 7/16p, 16q/19q, 14/15, 12/22 and 4/8, presumed ancestral syntenies for all eutherian mammals, were also found conserved in E. burchelli. The comparative maps of equids allow for the unequivocal characterization of chromosomal rearrangements that differentiate the karyotypes of these equid species. The karyotypes of E. przewalskii and E. caballus differ by one Robertsonian translocation (ECA5 = EPR23 + EPR24); numerous Robertsonian translocations and tandem fusions and several inversions account for the karyotypic differences between the horses and zebras. Our results shed new light on the karyotypic evolution of Equidae.
Copyright 2003 S. Karger AG, Basel
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Publication Date: 2004-02-19 PubMed ID: 14970709DOI: 10.1159/000075755Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Comparative Study
  • Journal Article
  • Research Support
  • Non-U.S. Gov't

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research study sheds light on the genetic relationships between horses and zebras by using chromosome-specific painting probes. The researchers were able to identify and track chromosomal arrangements, revealing differences and similarities among these species, providing valuable insights on their karyotypic evolution.

Methodology

  • The researchers used complete sets of chromosome-specific painting probes, which originated from flow-sorted chromosomes of humans (HSA), Equus caballus (ECA), and Equus burchelli (EBU).
  • These probes were used to define conserved chromosomal segments, i.e., segments that remained unaltered across the species.
  • Segments were traced between human and Equus burchelli, as well as among four equid species – E. przewalskii (EPR), E. caballus, E. burchelli, and E. zebra hartmannae (EZH).

Findings

  • The study established genome-wide comparative maps between these species, highlighting 48 conserved segments in E. burchelli using twenty-two human autosomal probes.
  • Some of the identified conserved adjacent segment combinations are presumably ancestral syntenies, suggesting they likely existed in the common ancestor of all placental mammals.

Implications

  • The clear comparative maps among equids facilitated the unambiguous identification of chromosomal rearrangements differentiating the karyotypes of these equid species.
  • The karyotypes of E. przewalskii and E. caballus differ by a Robertsonian translocation – a rearrangement involving the fusion of two certain types of chromosomes.
  • In contrast, numerous Robertsonian translocations, tandem fusions and a few inversions account for the major differences between the karyotypes of horses and zebras.
  • The results from this research offer fresh and significant insights into the karyotypic evolution of Equidae – the taxonomic family consisting of horses, donkeys, and zebras.

Cite This Article

APA
Yang F, Fu B, O'Brien PC, Robinson TJ, Ryder OA, Ferguson-Smith MA. (2004). Karyotypic relationships of horses and zebras: results of cross-species chromosome painting. Cytogenet Genome Res, 102(1-4), 235-243. https://doi.org/10.1159/000075755

Publication

Cytogenetic and genome research
ISSN: 1424-859X
NlmUniqueID: 101142708
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 102
Issue: 1-4
Pages: 235-243

Researcher Affiliations

Yang, F
  • Centre for Veterinary Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK. fy@mole.bio.cam.ac.uk
Fu, B
    O'Brien, P C M
      Robinson, T J
        Ryder, O A
          Ferguson-Smith, M A

            MeSH Terms

            • Animals
            • Animals, Domestic / genetics
            • Animals, Wild / genetics
            • Cell Line
            • Chromosome Banding / methods
            • Chromosome Banding / veterinary
            • Chromosome Painting / methods
            • Chromosome Painting / veterinary
            • Chromosomes / genetics
            • DNA Probes / genetics
            • Equidae / genetics
            • Genome
            • Horses / genetics
            • Humans
            • Karyotyping / veterinary
            • Metaphase / genetics
            • Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid
            • Species Specificity
            • Translocation, Genetic / genetics

            Citations

            This article has been cited 22 times.
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