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Home / Equine Research Bank / Acta Vet Scand / Ketamine, Telazol, xylazine and detomidine. A comparative an...
Acta veterinaria Scandinavica1992; 33(2); 109-115; doi: 10.1186/BF03547317

Ketamine, Telazol, xylazine and detomidine. A comparative anesthetic drug combinations study in ponies.

Abstract: This study was designed to assess the effects of 5 anesthetic drug combinations in ponies: (1) ketamine 2.75 mg/kg, xylazine 1.0 mg/kg (KX), (2) Telazol 1.65 mg/kg, xylazine 1.0 mg/kg (TX), (3) Telazol 2 mg/kg, detomidine 20 micrograms/kg (TD-20), (4) Telazol 2 mg/kg, detomidine 40 micrograms/kg (TD-40), (5) Telazol 3 mg/kg, detomidine 60 micrograms/kg (TD-60). All drugs were given iv with xylazine or detomidine preceding ketamine or Telazol by 5 min. Heart rate was decreased significantly from 5 min to arousal after TD-20 but only at 60 and 90 min after TD-40 and TD-60 respectively. Respiratory rate was decreased significantly for all ponies. Induction time did not differ between treatments. Duration of analgesia was 10 min for KX, 22.2 min for TX, 27.5 min for TD-20, 32.5 min for TD-40, and 70 min for TD-60. Arousal time was significantly longer with detomidine and Telazol. Smoothness of recovery was judged best in ponies receiving KX and TD-40. All ponies stood unassisted 30 min after signs of arousal. Detta Försök utfördes för att jämföra effekten av fem anestetikakombinationer hos ponnyn: (1) ketamin 2,75 mg/kg, xylazin 1,0 mg/kg (KX), (2) Telazol 1,65 mg/kg, zylazin 1,0 mg/kg (TX), (3) Telazol 2 mg/kg, detomidin 20 µg/kg (TD-20), (4) Telazol 2 mg/kg, detomidin 40 µg/kg (TD-40), (5) Telazol 3 mg/kg, detomidin 60 µg/kg (TD-60). Alia läkemedel gavs intravenöst; xylazin eller detomidin 5 min efter ketamin eller Telazol. Hjärtfrekvensen sjönk signifikant från 5 min till uppvaknandet efter TD-20 men endast vid 60 och 90 min respektivt. Andningsfrekvensen sjönk signifikant för alla ponnyn. Induktionstiden för de olika behandlingarna visade ingen skillnad. Analgesins duration var 10 min för KX, 22,2 min för TD-20, 32,5 min för TD-40 och 70 min för TD-60. Uppvakningstiden var signifikant längre med detomidin än med Telazol. Återhämtningen ansågs vara lugnast hos ponnyn som fått KX och TD-40. Alla ponnyn stod upprätta utan hjälp 30 min efter tecken på uppvakning.
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Publication Date: 1992-01-01 PubMed ID: 1502994PubMed Central: PMC8117853DOI: 10.1186/BF03547317Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Comparative Study
  • Journal Article

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research article discusses a comparative study carried out on five anesthetic drug combinations, namely Ketamine, Telazol, Xylazine, and Detomidine, on ponies to determine their varied effects, including heart rate, respiratory rate, induction time, duration of analgesia, and arousal time.

Study Design

  • The study was structured to evaluate the impacts of five anesthetic drug combinations on ponies. The drugs and their dosage included:
    • Ketamine 2.75 mg/kg and xylazine 1.0 mg/kg (KX)
    • Telazol 1.65 mg/kg and xylazine 1.0 mg/kg (TX)
    • Telazol 2 mg/kg and detomidine 20 micrograms/kg (TD-20)
    • Telazol 2 mg/kg and detomidine 40 micrograms/kg (TD-40)
    • Telazol 3 mg/kg and detomidine 60 micrograms/kg (TD-60)
  • All these drugs were administered intravenously (IV), with xylazine or detomidine preceding ketamine or Telazol by 5 minutes.

Effects on Heart and Respiratory Rate

  • Following the administration of TD-20, there was a significant decrease in heart rate from 5 minutes to arousal. A similar effect was observed at 60 and 90 minutes after administration of TD-40 and TD-60 respectively.
  • The respiratory rate was significantly diminished for all ponies used in the study.

Induction Time and Duration of Analgesia

  • There was no variation in induction time across all treatments, meaning the time taken for the drugs to take effect was consistent for all combinations.
  • However, the duration of analgesia varied: 10 minutes for KX, 22.2 minutes for TX, 27.5 minutes for TD-20, 32.5 minutes for TD-40, and 70 minutes for TD-60.

Arousal Time and Recovery Process

  • The arousal time, considered the time taken for the ponies to become attentive after anesthesia, was significantly lengthier with Detomidine and Telazol.
  • The recovery process, indicated by the stability of the ponies (ability to stand unassisted), was judged most comfortable in ponies treated with KX and TD-40.
  • All ponies managed to stand unassisted 30 minutes after showing signs of arousal.

Cite This Article

APA
Lin HC, Branson KR, Thurmon JC, Benson GJ, Tranquilli WJ, Olson WA, Vähä-Vahe AT. (1992). Ketamine, Telazol, xylazine and detomidine. A comparative anesthetic drug combinations study in ponies. Acta Vet Scand, 33(2), 109-115. https://doi.org/10.1186/BF03547317

Publication

Acta veterinaria Scandinavica
ISSN: 0044-605X
NlmUniqueID: 0370400
Country: England
Language: English
Volume: 33
Issue: 2
Pages: 109-115

Researcher Affiliations

Lin, H C
  • Department of Large Animal Surgery and Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Alabama.
Branson, K R
    Thurmon, J C
      Benson, G J
        Tranquilli, W J
          Olson, W A
            Vähä-Vahe, A T

              MeSH Terms

              • Anesthetics
              • Animals
              • Drug Combinations
              • Horses / physiology
              • Imidazoles
              • Ketamine
              • Tiletamine
              • Xylazine
              • Zolazepam

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              This article includes 16 references
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              Citations

              This article has been cited 5 times.
              1. Gozalo-Marcilla M, Ringer SK. Recovery after General Anaesthesia in Adult Horses: A Structured Summary of the Literature. Animals (Basel) 2021 Jun 14;11(6).
                doi: 10.3390/ani11061777pubmed: 34198637google scholar: lookup
              2. Özkan F, Çakır-Özkan N, Eyibilen A, Yener T, Erkorkmaz Ü. Comparison of ketamine-diazepam with ketamine-xylazine anesthetic combinations in sheep spontaneously breathing and undergoing maxillofacial surgery. Bosn J Basic Med Sci 2010 Nov;10(4):297-302.
                doi: 10.17305/bjbms.2010.2675pubmed: 21108611google scholar: lookup
              3. Kerr CL, McDonell WN, Young SS. A comparison of romifidine and xylazine when used with diazepam/ketamine for short duration anesthesia in the horse. Can Vet J 1996 Oct;37(10):601-9.
                pubmed: 8896874
              4. Lambertini C, Boanini E, Casalini I, Spaccini F, Rinnovati R, Romagnoli N. Comparison of Ketamine/Diazepam and Tiletamine/Zolazepam Combinations for Anaesthesia Induction in Horses Undergoing Partial Intravenous Anaesthesia (PIVA): A Retrospective Clinical Study. Vet Sci 2024 Nov 30;11(12).
                doi: 10.3390/vetsci11120612pubmed: 39728952google scholar: lookup
              5. Dunn J, Schifano F, Dudley E, Guirguis A. Exploring the Confluence of Animal Medicine and its Implications for Human Health: A Systematic Literature Review. Curr Neuropharmacol 2025;23(7):847-861.
                doi: 10.2174/011570159X333443240822115028pubmed: 39289932google scholar: lookup
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