Ketorolac Is Not More Effective Than Flunixin Meglumine or Phenylbutazone in Reducing Foot Pain in Horses.
Abstract: The objective was to compare the analgesic efficacy of ketorolac tromethamine (KT) and two other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), including flunixin meglumine (FM) and phenylbutazone (PB), using a heart bar shoe (HBS) model of reversible foot lameness in horses. Nine adult horses were used in a blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled crossover study. After induction of left front limb lameness using a modified HBS model, one of three NSAIDs (KT, 2.0 mg/kg IV; FM, 1.1 mg/kg IV; PB, 4.4 mg/kg IV) or saline (placebo) was administered IV as a single dose. Lameness was assessed every 30 minutes for 2 hours, then every hour up to 12 hours using both a lameness grading scale (lameness score; LS) and a body-mounted inertial sensor system (lameness locator; LL). High-performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry were used to measure plasma drug concentration at various time points. There was no difference in percent reduction of LS or LL value between KT and any other group, or between FM and placebo. The PB group showed a significantly higher percentage in LS reduction than the placebo and FM groups. The mean percent reduction in LL value was greater for the PB group than that for the placebo and FM groups. Plasma drug concentration was similar among horses for each drug at each time point, with drug concentrations decreasing over time. Thus, variation in plasma drug concentration did not influence lameness reduction for any drug. Ketorolac tromethamine was not superior to FM or PB in reducing lameness using a HBS model.
Copyright © 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Publication Date: 2020-08-06 PubMed ID: 33077087DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2020.103204Google Scholar: Lookup
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- Journal Article
- Randomized Controlled Trial
- Veterinary
- Research Support
- Non-U.S. Gov't
- Research Support
- U.S. Gov't
- Non-P.H.S.
Summary
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The study tries to compare the effectiveness of Ketorolac Tromethamine (KT), Flunixin Meglumine (FM), and Phenylbutazone (PB) in reducing foot pain in horses. It concludes that Ketorolac Tromethamine is not superior to Flunixin Meglumine or Phenylbutazone in this regard.
Research method and approach
- The study used a blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled crossover design, in which nine adult horses were administered three different NSAIDs, or a saline placebo, after their front limb lameness was artificially induced using a heart bar shoe model.
- The lameness was evaluated every 30 minutes for two hours, and then once per hour for up to 12 hours using both a lameness grading scale (LS) and a lameness locator (LL).
- Plasma drug concentrations were measured at different intervals using high-performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry.
Results of the research
- The study found no significant difference in the lameness score or lameness locator value reduction between the Ketorolac Tromethamine group and any other group, or between the Flunixin Meglumine group and the placebo group.
- The Phenylbutazone group demonstrated a significantly higher percentage reduction in lameness score than both the placebo group and the Flunixin Meglumine groups.
- The study also showed that the mean reduction in lameness locator value was greater in the Phenylbutazone group compared to both the placebo and Flunixin Meglumine groups.
- Plasma drug concentrations were similar among all horses and decreased over time. Therefore, this factor did not affect the lameness reduction of any of the drugs.
Conclusion of the study
- The study concluded that Ketorolac Tromethamine is not superior to either Flunixin Meglumine or Phenylbutazone in reducing lameness in horses in the heart bar shoe model of reversible foot lameness.
Cite This Article
APA
Grady SE, Lescun TB, Moore GE, Cooper BR, Davern AJ, Brunner TJ, Taylor SD.
(2020).
Ketorolac Is Not More Effective Than Flunixin Meglumine or Phenylbutazone in Reducing Foot Pain in Horses.
J Equine Vet Sci, 94, 103204.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jevs.2020.103204 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Department of Veterinary Teaching Hospital, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN.
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN.
- Department of Veterinary Administration, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN.
- Bindley Bioscience Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN.
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN.
- Department of Veterinary Teaching Hospital, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN.
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN. Electronic address: taylo248@purdue.edu.
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Clonixin / analogs & derivatives
- Cross-Over Studies
- Horse Diseases / drug therapy
- Horses
- Ketorolac
- Lameness, Animal / drug therapy
- Pain / veterinary
- Phenylbutazone
Citations
This article has been cited 2 times.- Auer U, Kelemen Z, Vogl C, von Ritgen S, Haddad R, Torres Borda L, Gabmaier C, Breteler J, Jenner F. Development, refinement, and validation of an equine musculoskeletal pain scale. Front Pain Res (Lausanne) 2023;4:1292299.
- Mercer MA, Davis JL, McKenzie HC. The Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutic Evaluation of Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs in Adult Horses. Animals (Basel) 2023 May 10;13(10).
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