FREE SHIPPING over $40
OVER 10000 FIVE-STAR REVIEWS
5% OFF ALL SUBSCRIPTIONS
100% HAPPINESS GUARANTEE
Analyze Diet
0
Journal of virology1968; 2(8); 793-804; doi: 10.1128/JVI.2.8.793-804.1968

Kinetics of viral deoxyribonucleic acid, protein, and infectious particle production and alterations in host macromolecular syntheses in equine abortion (herpes) virus-infected cells.

Abstract: Infection of exponential-phase suspension cultures of mouse fibroblast cells (L-M) with equine abortion virus (EAV) resulted in inhibition of cell growth and marked alterations in host metabolic processes. The synthesis of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid was inhibited within 4 hr after infection and was suppressed by more than 90% by the time of maximal virus replication (14 to 18 hr). The overall rate of protein synthesis, however, was similar in uninfected and virus-producing cells as determined by measurements of net protein and isotope incorporation. The time course of viral DNA and protein synthesis and assembly into mature virus was determined with the inhibitors 5-fluorodeoxyuridine (FUdR) and cycloheximide, respectively. Thus, viral DNA synthesis was essentially completed at 14 hr, and viral protein and infectious virus synthesis was completed at 18 hr. Although the number of plaque-forming units (PFU) produced by FUdR-treated cells (10(3) to 10(4) PFU/ml) was at least 3 logs less than that produced by untreated cells, the yield of physical particles (as determined by electron microscopy) was approximately the same at 30 hr after infection. Besides being relatively non-infective, the particles produced in FUdR-treated cells appeared morphologically incomplete as they contained little or no nucleoid material.
Get Full Text
Publication Date: 1968-08-01 PubMed ID: 4302745PubMed Central: PMC375693DOI: 10.1128/JVI.2.8.793-804.1968Google Scholar: Lookup
The Equine Research Bank provides access to a large database of publicly available scientific literature. Inclusion in the Research Bank does not imply endorsement of study methods or findings by Mad Barn.
LinkedInCopy
  • Journal Article

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research investigates the impact of the Equine Abortion Virus (EAV) on the growth and metabolic processes of mouse fibroblast cells. The study reveals that EAV inhibits cell growth and significantly suppresses DNA and RNA synthesis, but it does not change the overall rate of protein synthesis.

Viral Infection and Impact on Cell Growth and Metabolism

  • The researchers infected mouse fibroblast cells in exponential growth phase with EAV and observed the outcomes.
  • As a result of infection, cell growth inhibited and considerable changes emerged in the host metabolic processes.
  • The synthesis of both DNA and RNA in cells halted within 4 hours after infection and was suppressed to over 90% when the virus replication peaked (14 to 18 hours).

Overall Rate of Protein Synthesis

  • Despite the inhibition of cell growth and the reduction in DNA and RNA synthesis, the overall protein synthesis rate remained similar in both uninfected and virus-producing cells.
  • The consistency in protein synthesis was determined by measuring net protein and isotope incorporation.

Viral DNA and Protein Synthesis Timeline

  • The study also investigated the progression of viral DNA and protein synthesis and their assembly into mature virus particles using inhibitors FUdR and cycloheximide, respectively.
  • Most of the viral DNA synthesis was completed by the 14-hour mark, and viral protein synthesis and formation of infectious viruses were completed by the 18-hour mark.

Comparison of Virus Production in FUdR-Treated and Untreated Cells

  • Cells treated with FUdR produced significantly fewer plaque-forming units (a measure of virus quantity), at least three logs less than untreated cells though the quantity of physical viral particles observed under electron microscopy was consistent.
  • However, the viral particles produced in FUdR-treated cells were relatively non-infective and appeared morphologically incomplete, as they contained minimal or no nucleoid material, which is crucial for viral replication.

Cite This Article

APA
O'Callaghan DJ, Hyde JM, Gentry GA, Randall CC. (1968). Kinetics of viral deoxyribonucleic acid, protein, and infectious particle production and alterations in host macromolecular syntheses in equine abortion (herpes) virus-infected cells. J Virol, 2(8), 793-804. https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.2.8.793-804.1968

Publication

Journal of virology
ISSN: 0022-538X
NlmUniqueID: 0113724
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 2
Issue: 8
Pages: 793-804

Researcher Affiliations

O'Callaghan, D J
    Hyde, J M
      Gentry, G A
        Randall, C C

          MeSH Terms

          • Abortion, Veterinary
          • Animals
          • Carbon Isotopes
          • Culture Techniques
          • Cycloheximide / pharmacology
          • Cytopathogenic Effect, Viral
          • DNA, Viral / biosynthesis
          • Female
          • Fibroblasts
          • Floxuridine / pharmacology
          • Growth
          • Herpesviridae
          • Herpesviridae Infections / metabolism
          • Horse Diseases
          • Horses
          • Kinetics
          • Leucine / metabolism
          • Microscopy, Electron
          • Pregnancy
          • Protein Biosynthesis
          • RNA / biosynthesis
          • Uridine / metabolism
          • Viral Proteins / biosynthesis
          • Virus Replication

          References

          This article includes 37 references
          1. HURLBERT RB, POTTER VR. A survey of the metabolism of orotic acid in the rat.. J Biol Chem 1952 Mar;195(1):257-70.
            pubmed: 14938376
          2. DARLINGTON RW, RANDALL CC. The nucleic acid content of equine abortion virus.. Virology 1963 Mar;19:322-7.
            pubmed: 14025123doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(63)90071-0google scholar: lookup
          3. RANDALL CC. Adaptation of equine abortion virus to HeLa cells.. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 1957 Jul;95(3):508-10.
            pubmed: 13453487doi: 10.3181/00379727-95-23270google scholar: lookup
          4. Cohen SS, Flaks JG, Barner HD, Loeb MR, Lichtenstein J. THE MODE OF ACTION OF 5-FLUOROURACIL AND ITS DERIVATIVES.. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1958 Oct 15;44(10):1004-12.
            pubmed: 16590300doi: 10.1073/pnas.44.10.1004google scholar: lookup
          5. ARHELGER RB, DARLINGTON RW, RANDALL CC. An electron microscopic study of equine abortion virus infection in hamster liver.. Am J Pathol 1963 Jun;42(6):703-13.
            pubmed: 14013743
          6. SALZMAN NP. The rate of formation of vaccinia deoxyribonucleic acid and vaccinia virus.. Virology 1960 Jan;10:150-2.
            pubmed: 14441184doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(60)90015-5google scholar: lookup
          7. HAMADA C, KAPLAN AS. KINETICS OF SYNTHESIS OF VARIOUS TYPES OF ANTIGENIC PROTEINS IN CELLS INFECTED WITH PSEUDORABIES VIRUS.. J Bacteriol 1965 May;89(5):1328-34.
            pubmed: 14293006doi: 10.1128/jb.89.5.1328-1334.1965google scholar: lookup
          8. DISCHE Z. Qualitative and quantitative colorimetric determination of heptoses.. J Biol Chem 1953 Oct;204(2):983-97.
            pubmed: 13117875
          9. Randall CC, Gafford LG, Gentry GA, Lawson LA. Lability of host-cell DNA in growing cell cultures due to Mycoplasma.. Science 1965 Sep 3;149(3688):1098-9.
            pubmed: 5826522doi: 10.1126/science.149.3688.1098google scholar: lookup
          10. Darlington RW, Moss LH 3rd. Herpesvirus envelopment.. J Virol 1968 Jan;2(1):48-55.
            pubmed: 4316013doi: 10.1128/JVI.2.1.48-55.1968google scholar: lookup
          11. Willems M, Penman S. The mechanism of host cell protein synthesis inhibition by poliovirus.. Virology 1966 Nov;30(3):355-67.
            pubmed: 4288415doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(66)90114-0google scholar: lookup
          12. RANDALL CC, WALKER BM. DEGRADATION OF DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID AND ALTERATION NUCLEIC ACID METABOLISM IN SUSPENSION CULTURES OF L-M CELLS INFECTED WITH EQUINE ABORTION VIRUS.. J Bacteriol 1963 Jul;86(1):138-46.
            pubmed: 14051805doi: 10.1128/jb.86.1.138-146.1963google scholar: lookup
          13. BURTON K. A study of the conditions and mechanism of the diphenylamine reaction for the colorimetric estimation of deoxyribonucleic acid.. Biochem J 1956 Feb;62(2):315-23.
            pubmed: 13293190doi: 10.1042/bj0620315google scholar: lookup
          14. HAFF RF. INHIBITION OF THE MULTIPLICATION OF PSEUDORABIES VIRUS BY CYCLOHEXAMIDE.. Virology 1964 Mar;22:430-1.
            pubmed: 14127843doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(64)90036-4google scholar: lookup
          15. POLASA H, GREEN M. BIOCHEMICAL STUDIES ON ADENOVIRUS MULTIPLICATION. 8. ANALYSIS OF PROTEIN SYNTHESIS.. Virology 1965 Jan;25:68-79.
            pubmed: 14277087doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(65)90253-9google scholar: lookup
          16. PLUMMER G, WATERSON AP. Equine herpes viruses.. Virology 1963 Mar;19:412-6.
            pubmed: 13944111doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(63)90083-7google scholar: lookup
          17. SALZMAN NP, SHATKIN AJ, SEBRING ED. Viral protein and DNA synthesis in vaccinia virus-infected HeLacell cultures.. Virology 1963 Apr;19:542-50.
            pubmed: 13991265doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(63)90049-7google scholar: lookup
          18. GENTRY GA, MORSE PA Jr, IVES DH, GEBERT R, POTTER VR. PYRIMIDINE METABOLISM IN TISSUE CULTURE CELLS DERIVED FROM RAT HEPATOMAS. II. THYMIDINE UPTAKE IN SUSPENSION CULTURES DERIVED FROM THE NOVIKOFF HEPATOMA.. Cancer Res 1965 May;25:509-16.
            pubmed: 14297489
          19. Green M. Biosynthetic modifications induced by DNA animal viruses.. Annu Rev Microbiol 1966;20:189-222.
            pubmed: 4957965doi: 10.1146/annurev.mi.20.100166.001201google scholar: lookup
          20. WILLIAMS RC, KASS SJ, KNIGHT CA. Structure of Shope papilloma virus particles.. Virology 1960 Sep;12:48-58.
            pubmed: 13855388doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(60)90148-3google scholar: lookup
          21. Kates JR, McAuslan BR. Messenger RNA synthesis by a "coated" viral genome.. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1967 Feb;57(2):314-20.
            pubmed: 16591471doi: 10.1073/pnas.57.2.314google scholar: lookup
          22. LOH PC, PAYNE FE. EFFECT OF 5-FLUORO-2'-DEOXYURIDINE ON THE SYNTHESIS OF VACCINIA VIRUS.. Virology 1965 Apr;25:575-84.
            pubmed: 14329131doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(65)90085-1google scholar: lookup
          23. GENTRY GA, LAWSON LA, RANDALL CC. REPLICATION OF A DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID VIRUS IN THYMINE-DEFICIENT MAMMALIAN CELLS.. J Bacteriol 1964 Nov;88(5):1324-8.
            pubmed: 14234788doi: 10.1128/jb.88.5.1324-1328.1964google scholar: lookup
          24. Bello LJ, Ginsberg HS. Inhibition of host protein synthesis in type 5 adenovirus-infected cells.. J Virol 1967 Oct;1(5):843-50.
            pubmed: 4246353doi: 10.1128/JVI.1.5.843-850.1967google scholar: lookup
          25. LOWRY OH, ROSEBROUGH NJ, FARR AL, RANDALL RJ. Protein measurement with the Folin phenol reagent.. J Biol Chem 1951 Nov;193(1):265-75.
            pubmed: 14907713
          26. McCormick W, Penman S. Inhibition of RNA synthesis in HeLa and L cells by Mengovirus.. Virology 1967 Jan;31(1):135-41.
            pubmed: 4163399doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(67)90017-7google scholar: lookup
          27. Darlington RW, James C. Biological and morphological aspects of the growth of equine abortion virus.. J Bacteriol 1966 Jul;92(1):250-7.
            pubmed: 5941279doi: 10.1128/jb.92.1.250-257.1966google scholar: lookup
          28. SOEHNER RL, GENTRY GA, RANDALL CC. SOME PHYSICOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF EQUINE ABORTION VIRUS NUCLEIC ACID.. Virology 1965 Jul;26:394-405.
            pubmed: 14319712doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(65)90003-6google scholar: lookup
          29. Duncan JR, Ramsey FK, Switzer WP. Electron microscopy of cytomegalic inclusion disease of swine (inclusion body rhinitis).. Am J Vet Res 1965 Jul;26(113):939-47.
            pubmed: 4285516
          30. BEN-PORAT T, KAPLAN AS. The synthesis and fate of pseudorabies virus DNA in infected mammalian cells in the stationary phase of growth.. Virology 1963 Jun;20:310-7.
            pubmed: 13967252doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(63)90120-xgoogle scholar: lookup
          31. HOLMES IH, WATSON DH. AN ELECTRON MICROSCOPE STUDY OF THE ATTACHMENT AND PENETRATION OF HERPES VIRUS IN BHK21 CELLS.. Virology 1963 Sep;21:112-23.
            pubmed: 14062901doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(63)90309-xgoogle scholar: lookup
          32. SHATKIN AJ. The formation of vaccinia virus protein in the presence of 5-fluorodeoxyuridine.. Virology 1963 Jun;20:292-301.
            pubmed: 13976928doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(63)90118-1google scholar: lookup
          33. REISSIG M, KAPLAN AS. The morphology of noninfective pseudorabies virus produced by cells treated with 5-fluorouracil.. Virology 1962 Jan;16:1-8.
            pubmed: 14491346doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(62)90196-4google scholar: lookup
          34. Hyde JM, Walkinshaw CH. Ultrastructure of basidiospores and mycelium of Lenzites saepiaria.. J Bacteriol 1966 Oct;92(4):1218-27.
            pubmed: 4162759doi: 10.1128/jb.92.4.1218-1227.1966google scholar: lookup
          35. RANDALL CC, LAWSON LA. Adaptation of equine abortion virus to Earle's L cells in serum-free medium with plaque formation.. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 1962 Jul;110:487-9.
            pubmed: 14490220doi: 10.3181/00379727-110-27558google scholar: lookup
          36. RAZIN S, KNYSZYNSKI A, LIFSHITZ Y. NUCLEASES OF MYCOPLASMA.. J Gen Microbiol 1964 Aug;36:323-32.
            pubmed: 14195654doi: 10.1099/00221287-36-2-323google scholar: lookup
          37. Watanabe Y, Kudo H, Graham AF. Selective inhibition of reovirus ribonucleic acid synthesis by cycloheximide.. J Virol 1967 Feb;1(1):36-44.
            pubmed: 5623956doi: 10.1128/JVI.1.1.36-44.1967google scholar: lookup

          Citations

          This article has been cited 22 times.
          1. Shakya AK, O'Callaghan DJ, Kim SK. Comparative Genomic Sequencing and Pathogenic Properties of Equine Herpesvirus 1 KyA and RacL11. Front Vet Sci 2017;4:211.
            doi: 10.3389/fvets.2017.00211pubmed: 29312962google scholar: lookup
          2. Ebner PD, Kim SK, O'Callaghan DJ. Biological and genotypic properties of defective interfering particles of equine herpesvirus 1 that mediate persistent infection. Virology 2008 Nov 10;381(1):98-105.
            doi: 10.1016/j.virol.2008.08.024pubmed: 18805562google scholar: lookup
          3. von Einem J, Wellington J, Whalley JM, Osterrieder K, O'Callaghan DJ, Osterrieder N. The truncated form of glycoprotein gp2 of equine herpesvirus 1 (EHV-1) vaccine strain KyA is not functionally equivalent to full-length gp2 encoded by EHV-1 wild-type strain RacL11. J Virol 2004 Mar;78(6):3003-13.
            doi: 10.1128/jvi.78.6.3003-3013.2004pubmed: 14990719google scholar: lookup
          4. Bowles DE, Holden VR, Zhao Y, O'Callaghan DJ. The ICP0 protein of equine herpesvirus 1 is an early protein that independently transactivates expression of all classes of viral promoters. J Virol 1997 Jul;71(7):4904-14.
            doi: 10.1128/JVI.71.7.4904-4914.1997pubmed: 9188552google scholar: lookup
          5. Wood LJ, Baxter MK, Plafker SM, Gibson W. Human cytomegalovirus capsid assembly protein precursor (pUL80.5) interacts with itself and with the major capsid protein (pUL86) through two different domains. J Virol 1997 Jan;71(1):179-90.
            doi: 10.1128/JVI.71.1.179-190.1997pubmed: 8985337google scholar: lookup
          6. Chen M, Harty RN, Zhao Y, Holden VR, O'Callaghan DJ. Expression of an equine herpesvirus 1 ICP22/ICP27 hybrid protein encoded by defective interfering particles associated with persistent infection. J Virol 1996 Jan;70(1):313-20.
            doi: 10.1128/JVI.70.1.313-320.1996pubmed: 8523542google scholar: lookup
          7. Harty RN, Caughman GB, Holden VR, O'Callaghan DJ. Characterization of the myristylated polypeptide encoded by the UL1 gene that is conserved in the genome of defective interfering particles of equine herpesvirus 1. J Virol 1993 Jul;67(7):4122-32.
            doi: 10.1128/JVI.67.7.4122-4132.1993pubmed: 8389920google scholar: lookup
          8. Harty RN, Holden VR, O'Callaghan DJ. Transcriptional and translational analyses of the UL2 gene of equine herpesvirus 1: a homolog of UL55 of herpes simplex virus type 1 that is maintained in the genome of defective interfering particles. J Virol 1993 Apr;67(4):2255-65.
            doi: 10.1128/JVI.67.4.2255-2265.1993pubmed: 8383240google scholar: lookup
          9. Holden VR, Caughman GB, Zhao Y, Harty RN, O'Callaghan DJ. Identification and characterization of the ICP22 protein of equine herpesvirus 1. J Virol 1994 Jul;68(7):4329-40.
            doi: 10.1128/JVI.68.7.4329-4340.1994pubmed: 8207808google scholar: lookup
          10. Zhao Y, Holden VR, Smith RH, O'Callaghan DJ. Regulatory function of the equine herpesvirus 1 ICP27 gene product. J Virol 1995 May;69(5):2786-93.
            doi: 10.1128/JVI.69.5.2786-2793.1995pubmed: 7707500google scholar: lookup
          11. Stock DA, Gentry GA. Mycoplasmal deoxyribonuclease activity in virus-infected L-cell cultures. J Virol 1969 Mar;3(3):313-7.
            doi: 10.1128/JVI.3.3.313-317.1969pubmed: 5782042google scholar: lookup
          12. Okada K, Fujimoto Y, Mikami T. Electron microscopic autoradiography in the development of herpesvirus of turkey. Arch Gesamte Virusforsch 1974;46(1-2):111-26.
            doi: 10.1007/BF01240211pubmed: 4441257google scholar: lookup
          13. Frenkel N, Roizman B. Ribonucleic acid synthesis in cells infected with herpes simplex virus: controls of transcription and of RNA abundance. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1972 Sep;69(9):2654-8.
            doi: 10.1073/pnas.69.9.2654pubmed: 4341703google scholar: lookup
          14. Lawrence WC. Evidence for a relationship between equine abortion (herpes) virus deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis and the S phase of the KB cell mitotic cycle. J Virol 1971 Jun;7(6):736-48.
            doi: 10.1128/JVI.7.6.736-748.1971pubmed: 4254680google scholar: lookup
          15. Abodeely RA, Lawson LA, Randall CC. Morphology and entry of enveloped and deenveloped equine abortion (herpes) virus. J Virol 1970 Apr;5(4):513-23.
            doi: 10.1128/JVI.5.4.513-523.1970pubmed: 4195054google scholar: lookup
          16. Harty RN, Colle CF, Grundy FJ, O'Callaghan DJ. Mapping the termini and intron of the spliced immediate-early transcript of equine herpesvirus 1. J Virol 1989 Dec;63(12):5101-10.
            doi: 10.1128/JVI.63.12.5101-5110.1989pubmed: 2555546google scholar: lookup
          17. Baumann RP, Yalamanchili VR, O'Callaghan DJ. Functional mapping and DNA sequence of an equine herpesvirus 1 origin of replication. J Virol 1989 Mar;63(3):1275-83.
            doi: 10.1128/JVI.63.3.1275-1283.1989pubmed: 2536833google scholar: lookup
          18. Harty RN, O'Callaghan DJ. An early gene maps within and is 3' coterminal with the immediate-early gene of equine herpesvirus 1. J Virol 1991 Jul;65(7):3829-38.
            doi: 10.1128/JVI.65.7.3829-3838.1991pubmed: 1645793google scholar: lookup
          19. Holden VR, Yalamanchili RR, Harty RN, O'Callaghan DJ. ICP22 homolog of equine herpesvirus 1: expression from early and late promoters. J Virol 1992 Feb;66(2):664-73.
            doi: 10.1128/JVI.66.2.664-673.1992pubmed: 1370553google scholar: lookup
          20. Zhao Y, Holden VR, Harty RN, O'Callaghan DJ. Identification and transcriptional analyses of the UL3 and UL4 genes of equine herpesvirus 1, homologs of the ICP27 and glycoprotein K genes of herpes simplex virus. J Virol 1992 Sep;66(9):5363-72.
            doi: 10.1128/JVI.66.9.5363-5372.1992pubmed: 1323700google scholar: lookup
          21. Allen GP, McGowan JJ, Gentry GA, Randall CC. Biochemical transformation of deoxythymidine kinase-deficient mouse cells with UV-irradiated equine herpesvirus type 1. J Virol 1978 Oct;28(1):361-7.
            doi: 10.1128/JVI.28.1.361-367.1978pubmed: 212607google scholar: lookup
          22. Aswell JF, Allen GP, Jamieson AT, Campbell DE, Gentry GA. Antiviral activity of arabinosylthymine in herpesviral replication: mechanism of action in vivo and in vitro. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1977 Aug;12(2):243-54.
            doi: 10.1128/AAC.12.2.243pubmed: 197886google scholar: lookup
          Subscribe to our newsletter
          Join 99,727 horse owners like you who receive our email updates on horse health and nutrition.