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Parasites & vectors2020; 13(1); 413; doi: 10.1186/s13071-020-04285-x

Laboratory transmission potential of British mosquitoes for equine arboviruses.

Abstract: There has been no evidence of transmission of mosquito-borne arboviruses of equine or human health concern to date in the UK. However, in recent years there have been a number of outbreaks of viral diseases spread by vectors in Europe. These events, in conjunction with increasing rates of globalisation and climate change, have led to concern over the future risk of mosquito-borne viral disease outbreaks in northern Europe and have highlighted the importance of being prepared for potential disease outbreaks. Here we assess several UK mosquito species for their potential to transmit arboviruses important for both equine and human health, as measured by the presence of viral RNA in saliva at different time points after taking an infective blood meal. Results: The following wild-caught British mosquitoes were evaluated for their potential as vectors of zoonotic equine arboviruses: Ochlerotatus detritus for Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV) and Ross River virus (RRV), and Culiseta annulata and Culex pipiens for Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV). Production of RNA in saliva was demonstrated at varying efficiencies for all mosquito-virus pairs. Ochlerotatus detritus was more permissive for production of RRV RNA in saliva than VEEV RNA. For RRV, 27.3% of mosquitoes expectorated viral RNA at 7 days post-infection when incubated at 21 °C and 50% at 24 °C. Strikingly, 72% of Cx. pipiens produced JEV RNA in saliva after 21 days at 18 °C. For some mosquito-virus pairs, infection and salivary RNA titres reduced over time, suggesting unstable infection dynamics. Conclusions: This study adds to the number of Palaearctic mosquito species that demonstrate expectoration of viral RNA, for arboviruses of importance to human and equine health. This work adds to evidence that native mosquito species should be investigated further for their potential to vector zoonotic mosquito-borne arboviral disease of equines in northern Europe. The evidence that Cx. pipiens is potentially an efficient laboratory vector of JEV at temperatures as low as 18 °C warrants further investigation, as this mosquito is abundant in cooler regions of Europe and is considered an important vector for West Nile Virus, which has a comparable transmission ecology.
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Publication Date: 2020-08-12 PubMed ID: 32787904PubMed Central: PMC7425075DOI: 10.1186/s13071-020-04285-xGoogle Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research article investigates the potential for UK-based mosquito species to transmit arboviruses, which are significant to equine and human health. Results show that certain mosquito species demonstrate a capacity for transmitting viral RNA for these arboviruses, further suggesting the need to investigate these species for their vector (transmission) potential, especially considering growing concerns around global climate change and emerging viral diseases.

Research Objective

  • The study aimed to assess the potential of several UK mosquito species to transmit arboviruses of significance to equine and human health. This involved analyzing the presence of viral RNA in mosquito saliva at different points after they consumed an infected blood meal.

Experimental Procedure and Results

  • British mosquitoes species Ochlerotatus detritus, Culiseta annulata, and Culex pipiens were evaluated for their potential as vectors of equine arboviruses such as Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV) and Ross River virus (RRV), and Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) respectively.
  • Results showed that RNA production in saliva varied across different mosquito-virus combinations. For instance, Ochlerotatus detritus was found more permissive for RRV’s RNA production in saliva than VEEV’s.
  • For RRV, about 27.3% of mosquitoes were found with viral RNA in their saliva within seven days of infection when incubated at 21°C, which increased to 50% at 24°C. Remarkably, 72% of Cx. pipiens produced JEV RNA in saliva after 21 days at 18°C.
  • The research found unstable infection dynamics in some mosquito-virus pairs, indicated by the reduction in infection and salivary RNA titers over time.

Conclusions and Implications

  • This work contributes to growing evidence that Palaearctic mosquito species can carry and transmit viral RNA for arboviruses crucial to both equine and human health.
  • These findings underscore the need for further research on native mosquito species’ potential for being vectors for zoonotic mosquito-borne arboviral diseases impacting equines in northern Europe.
  • The discovery that Cx. pipiens might effectively transmit JEV even at temperatures as low as 18°C is critical, given this mosquito species’ wide presence in chillier regions of Europe. Its recognition as a primary vector for the West Nile Virus, exhibiting similar transmission ecology as JEV, also points towards the importance of further studies.

Cite This Article

APA
Chapman GE, Sherlock K, Hesson JC, Blagrove MSC, Lycett GJ, Archer D, Solomon T, Baylis M. (2020). Laboratory transmission potential of British mosquitoes for equine arboviruses. Parasit Vectors, 13(1), 413. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-020-04285-x

Publication

Parasites & vectors
ISSN: 1756-3305
NlmUniqueID: 101462774
Country: England
Language: English
Volume: 13
Issue: 1
Pages: 413

Researcher Affiliations

Chapman, Gail E
  • Epidemiology and Population Health, Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK. g.chapman.1@research.gla.ac.uk.
Sherlock, Ken
  • Epidemiology and Population Health, Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
Hesson, Jenny C
  • Epidemiology and Population Health, Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
Blagrove, Marcus S C
  • Epidemiology and Population Health, Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
Lycett, Gareth J
  • Vector Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK.
Archer, Debra
  • Epidemiology and Population Health, Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
Solomon, Tom
  • Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
  • Health Protection Research Unit in Emerging and Zoonotic Infections, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
  • Walton Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK.
Baylis, Matthew
  • Epidemiology and Population Health, Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
  • Health Protection Research Unit in Emerging and Zoonotic Infections, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.

MeSH Terms

  • Aedes / virology
  • Animals
  • Arbovirus Infections / transmission
  • Arbovirus Infections / veterinary
  • Arboviruses / isolation & purification
  • Culex / virology
  • Encephalitis Virus, Japanese / isolation & purification
  • Encephalitis Virus, Venezuelan Equine / isolation & purification
  • Horse Diseases / transmission
  • Horse Diseases / virology
  • Horses
  • Humans
  • Mosquito Vectors / virology
  • Ochlerotatus / virology
  • Pathology, Molecular
  • RNA, Viral / analysis
  • Ross River virus / isolation & purification
  • Saliva / virology
  • United Kingdom / epidemiology
  • West Nile Fever / transmission
  • Zoonoses / transmission
  • Zoonoses / virology

Grant Funding

  • BB/F021933/1 / Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council
  • IS-HPU-1112-10117 / Department of Health
  • MC_PC_15096 / Medical Research Council

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

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Citations

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