Lamellar pro-inflammatory cytokine expression patterns in laminitis at the developmental stage and at the onset of lameness: innate vs. adaptive immune response.
Abstract: Recent research has indicated that inflammation plays a role in the early stages of laminitis and that, similar to organ failure in human sepsis, early inflammatory mechanisms may lead to downstream events resulting in lamellar failure. Characterisation of the type of immune response (i.e. innate vs. adaptive) is essential in order to develop therapeutic strategies to counteract these deleterious events. Objective: To quantitate gene expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines known to be important in the innate and adaptive immune response during the early stages of laminitis, using both the black walnut extract (BWE) and oligofructose (OF) models of laminitis. Methods: Real-time qPCR was used to assess lamellar mRNA expression of interleukins-1beta, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 and 18, and tumour necrosis factor alpha and interferon gamma at the developmental stage and at the onset of lameness. Results: Significantly increased lamellar mRNA expression of cytokines important in the innate immune response were present at the developmental stage of the BWE model, and at the onset of acute lameness in both the BWE model and OF model. Of the cytokines characteristic of the Th1 and Th2 arms of the adaptive immune response, a mixed response was noted at the onset of acute lameness in the BWE model, whereas the response was skewed towards a Th1 response at the onset of lameness in the OF model. Conclusions: Lamellar inflammation is characterised by strong innate immune response in the developmental stages of laminitis; and a mixture of innate and adaptive immune responses at the onset of lameness. Conclusions: These results indicate that anti-inflammatory treatment of early stage laminitis (and the horse at risk of laminitis) should include not only therapeutic drugs that address prostanoid activity, but should also address the marked increases in lamellar cytokine expression.
Publication Date: 2007-01-19 PubMed ID: 17228594DOI: 10.2746/042516407x155406Google Scholar: Lookup
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- Journal Article
Summary
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The research article examines how inflammation plays a crucial role in laminitis’s early stages, a painful and profound disease in horses. The study also highlights the importance of distinguishing between innate and adaptive immune responses in these early stages to develop effective therapeutic treatments.
Research Objectives and Methods
- The primary objective of this study is to understand the gene expression levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines involved in laminitis’s early stages. These cytokines play important roles in both innate and adaptive immune responses.
- The researchers used two horse models for inducing laminitis: the Black Walnut Extract (BWE) and the Oligofructose (OF).
- The method of real-time qPCR was used for assessing lamellar mRNA expression of various interleukins and other cytokines during the developmental stage of laminitis and at the onset of lameness.
Results and Findings
- At the developmental stage of the BWE model, there was a significant increase in the lamellar mRNA expression of cytokines involved in the innate immune response.
- The findings were similar at the onset of acute lameness in both BWE and OF models, indicating a strong innate immune response at these stages.
- In terms of the adaptive immune responses (Th1 and Th2 arms), a mixed response was noted in the BWE model at the onset of acute lameness.
- On the other hand, the response was biased towards a Th1 response in the OF model at the onset of lameness.
Conclusions and Implications
- According to the study’s findings, inflammation in lamellar is characterized by a strong innate immune response during laminitis’s developmental stages. There is also a mixture of innate and adaptive immune responses at the onset of lameness.
- The study concludes that treating early stage laminitis should not only involve drugs that address prostanoid activity but should also consider addressing the marked spike in lamellar cytokine expression.
- The research provides valuable insights, which may contribute to the development of more effective anti-inflammatory treatments for horses at risk of laminitis.
Cite This Article
APA
Belknap JK, Giguère S, Pettigrew A, Cochran AM, Van Eps AW, Pollitt CC.
(2007).
Lamellar pro-inflammatory cytokine expression patterns in laminitis at the developmental stage and at the onset of lameness: innate vs. adaptive immune response.
Equine Vet J, 39(1), 42-47.
https://doi.org/10.2746/042516407x155406 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA.
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Cytokines / immunology
- Cytokines / metabolism
- Female
- Foot Diseases / immunology
- Foot Diseases / veterinary
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Horse Diseases / immunology
- Horses
- Immunity, Innate
- Interferon-gamma / immunology
- Interferon-gamma / metabolism
- Juglans / chemistry
- Lameness, Animal / immunology
- Male
- Oligosaccharides / adverse effects
- Plant Extracts / adverse effects
- Polymerase Chain Reaction / veterinary
- RNA, Messenger / metabolism
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / immunology
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / metabolism
Citations
This article has been cited 14 times.- Ribitsch I, Oreff GL, Jenner F. Regenerative Medicine for Equine Musculoskeletal Diseases. Animals (Basel) 2021 Jan 19;11(1).
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