Laminar inflammatory gene expression in the carbohydrate overload model of equine laminitis.
Abstract: There is a need to assess the laminar inflammatory response in a laminitis model that more closely resembles clinical cases of sepsis-related laminitis than the black walnut extract (BWE) model. Objective: To determine if a similar pattern of laminar inflammation, characterised by proinflammatory cytokine expression, occurs in the CHO model of laminitis as has been previously reported for the BWE model. Methods: Sixteen horses administered 17.6 g of starch (85% corn starch/15% wood flour)/kg bwt via nasogastric (NG) tube were anaesthetised either after developing a temperature>38.9°C (DEV group, n=8) or at onset of Obel grade 1 lameness (OG1 group, n=8). Control horses (CON group, n=8) were anaesthetised 24 h after NG administration of 6 l of deionised water. Laminar tissue was collected from horses while under anaesthesia, followed by humane euthanasia. Real time-quantitative PCR was used to assess laminar mRNA concentrations of genes involved in inflammatory signalling. Results: Increased mRNA concentrations (P<0.05) for IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12p35, COX-2, E-selectin and ICAM-1 were present in laminae from horses with OG1 lameness but not at the DEV time, when compared to the CON horses. No differences between the groups were found for IL-2, IL-4, IL-10, TNF-α, IFN-γ or COX-1 at either the DEV or OG1 time points. Conclusions: There was a notable difference in the temporal pattern of inflammatory events between the BWE and CHO models, with the majority of laminar inflammatory events appearing to occur at or near the onset of lameness in the CHO model, whereas many of these events peak earlier in the developmental stages in the BWE model. This suggests that, in addition to circulating inflammatory molecules, there may be a local phenomenon in the CHO model resulting in the simultaneous onset of multiple laminar events including endothelial activation, leucocyte emigration and proinflammatory cytokine expression. Conclusions: The similar (although somewhat delayed) inflammatory response in the CHO model of laminitis indicates that inflammatory signalling is a consistent entity in the pathophysiology of laminitis.
© 2010 EVJ Ltd.
Publication Date: 2010-12-15 PubMed ID: 21143634DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.2010.00122.xGoogle Scholar: Lookup The Equine Research Bank provides access to a large database of publicly available scientific literature. Inclusion in the Research Bank does not imply endorsement of study methods or findings by Mad Barn.
- Journal Article
- Research Support
- U.S. Gov't
- Non-P.H.S.
Summary
This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.
The paper studies the laminar inflammatory response in a laminitis model that is more closely related to sepsis-related laminitis than previous models. It found that the inflammatory response, essentially the body’s way of handling injuries, is quite consistent in the pathology of laminitis.
Objective and Methodology
- The study aimed to understand if a similar pattern of laminar inflammation, which is reflected by proinflammatory cytokine expression, happens in the CHO model of laminitis as previously reported for the BWE model.
- To accomplish this, a carbohydrate overload model of laminitis in horses was used. Sixteen horses were given 17.6 g of starch per kg of body weight using a nasogastric (NG) tube.
- These horses were anaesthetised after developing a temperature greater than 38.9°C (DEV group, n=8) or at the start of Obel grade 1 lameness (OG1 group, n=8).
- Control horses (CON group, n=8) were anaesthetised 24 hours after NG administration of 6 litres of deionised water.
- Laminar tissue was collected from these horses while under anaesthesia, followed by humane euthanasia.
- Real-time quantitative PCR was used to assess laminar mRNA concentrations of genes involved in inflammatory signalling.
Results
- The results showed increased mRNA concentrations for IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12p35, COX-2, E-selectin and ICAM-1 in laminae from horses with OG1 lameness, but not at the DEV time, when compared to the CON horses.
- No differences between the groups were found for IL-2, IL-4, IL-10, TNF-α, IFN-γ or COX-1 at either the DEV or OG1 time points.
Conclusions
- The study found a notable difference in the temporal pattern of inflammatory events between the BWE and CHO models. Most inflammatory events occur at or near the onset of lameness in the CHO model, whereas many of these events peak earlier in the developmental stages in the BWE model.
- This suggests that, apart from circulating inflammatory molecules, there may be a local phenomenon in the CHO model resulting in the simultaneous onset of multiple laminar events such as endothelial activation, leucocyte emigration, and proinflammatory cytokine expression.
- Thus, the study concluded that the similar (although somewhat delayed) inflammatory response in the CHO model of laminitis indicates that inflammatory signalling is a consistent entity in the pathophysiology of laminitis.
Cite This Article
APA
Leise BS, Faleiros RR, Watts M, Johnson PJ, Black SJ, Belknap JK.
(2010).
Laminar inflammatory gene expression in the carbohydrate overload model of equine laminitis.
Equine Vet J, 43(1), 54-61.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2042-3306.2010.00122.x Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, OH, USA.
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Carbohydrates / toxicity
- Cytokines / genetics
- Cytokines / metabolism
- Foot Diseases / metabolism
- Gene Expression Regulation / physiology
- Hoof and Claw / metabolism
- Horse Diseases / metabolism
- Horses
- Inflammation / metabolism
- Inflammation / veterinary
- Polymerase Chain Reaction
Citations
This article has been cited 20 times.- Hayat MA, Ding J, Zhang X, Liu T, Zhang J, Bokhari SG, Akbar H, Wang H. Enhanced Autophagy in Damaged Laminar Tissue of Acute Laminitis Induced by Oligofructose Overloading in Dairy Cows. Animals (Basel) 2023 Jul 31;13(15).
- Burns TA, Watts MR, Belknap JK, van Eps AW. Digital lamellar inflammatory signaling in an experimental model of equine preferential weight bearing. J Vet Intern Med 2023 Mar;37(2):681-688.
- Ding J, Shi M, Wang L, Qi D, Tao Z, Hayat MA, Liu T, Zhang JT, Wang H. Gene Expression of Metalloproteinases and Endogenous Inhibitors in the Lamellae of Dairy Heifers With Oligofructose-Induced Laminitis. Front Vet Sci 2020;7:597827.
- Cassimeris L, Engiles JB, Galantino-Homer H. Interleukin-17A pathway target genes are upregulated in Equus caballus supporting limb laminitis. PLoS One 2020;15(12):e0232920.
- Ding J, Li S, Jiang L, Li Y, Zhang X, Song Q, Hayat MA, Zhang JT, Wang H. Laminar Inflammation Responses in the Oligofructose Overload Induced Model of Bovine Laminitis. Front Vet Sci 2020;7:351.
- Patan-Zugaj B, Egerbacher M, Licka TF. Endotoxin-induced changes in expression of cyclooxygenase isoforms in the lamellar tissue of extracorporeally haemoperfused equine limbs. Anat Histol Embryol 2020 Sep;49(5):597-605.
- Raudsepp T, Finno CJ, Bellone RR, Petersen JL. Ten years of the horse reference genome: insights into equine biology, domestication and population dynamics in the post-genome era. Anim Genet 2019 Dec;50(6):569-597.
- Yang Q, Pinto VMR, Duan W, Paxton EE, Dessauer JH, Ryan W, Lopez MJ. In vitro Characteristics of Heterogeneous Equine Hoof Progenitor Cell Isolates. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2019;7:155.
- Sheats MK. A Comparative Review of Equine SIRS, Sepsis, and Neutrophils. Front Vet Sci 2019;6:69.
- Watts MR, Hegedus OC, Eades SC, Belknap JK, Burns TA. Association of sustained supraphysiologic hyperinsulinemia and inflammatory signaling within the digital lamellae in light-breed horses. J Vet Intern Med 2019 May;33(3):1483-1492.
- Dern K, van Eps A, Wittum T, Watts M, Pollitt C, Belknap J. Effect of Continuous Digital Hypothermia on Lamellar Inflammatory Signaling When Applied at a Clinically-Relevant Timepoint in the Oligofructose Laminitis Model. J Vet Intern Med 2018 Jan;32(1):450-458.
- Dern K, Watts M, Werle B, van Eps A, Pollitt C, Belknap J. Effect of Delayed Digital Hypothermia on Lamellar Inflammatory Signaling in the Oligofructose Laminitis Model. J Vet Intern Med 2017 Mar;31(2):575-581.
- Holl HM, Gao S, Fei Z, Andrews C, Brooks SA. Generation of a de novo transcriptome from equine lamellar tissue. BMC Genomics 2015 Oct 3;16:739.
- Menzies-Gow NJ, Wray H, Bailey SR, Harris PA, Elliott J. The effect of tumour necrosis factor-α and insulin on equine digital blood vessel function in vitro. Inflamm Res 2014 Aug;63(8):637-47.
- Leise BS, Watts MR, Roy S, Yilmaz AS, Alder H, Belknap JK. Use of laser capture microdissection for the assessment of equine lamellar basal epithelial cell signalling in the early stages of laminitis. Equine Vet J 2015 Jul;47(4):478-88.
- Burns TA, Watts MR, Weber PS, McCutcheon LJ, Geor RJ, Belknap JK. Effect of dietary nonstructural carbohydrate content on activation of 5'-adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase in liver, skeletal muscle, and digital laminae of lean and obese ponies. J Vet Intern Med 2014 Jul-Aug;28(4):1280-8.
- Wang L, Pawlak EA, Johnson PJ, Belknap JK, Alfandari D, Black SJ. Expression and activity of collagenases in the digital laminae of horses with carbohydrate overload-induced acute laminitis. J Vet Intern Med 2014 Jan-Feb;28(1):215-22.
- Gauff F, Patan-Zugaj B, Licka TF. Hyperinsulinaemia increases vascular resistance and endothelin-1 expression in the equine digit. Equine Vet J 2013 Sep;45(5):613-8.
- Wang L, Pawlak EA, Johnson PJ, Belknap JK, Eades S, Stack S, Cousin H, Black SJ. Impact of laminitis on the canonical Wnt signaling pathway in basal epithelial cells of the equine digital laminae. PLoS One 2013;8(2):e56025.
- Lan X, Qi D, Ren H, Liu T, Shao H, Zhang J. Chicoric acid ameliorates LPS-induced inflammatory injury in bovine lamellar keratinocytes by modulating the TLR4/MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathway. Sci Rep 2023 Dec 11;13(1):21963.
Use Nutrition Calculator
Check if your horse's diet meets their nutrition requirements with our easy-to-use tool Check your horse's diet with our easy-to-use tool
Talk to a Nutritionist
Discuss your horse's feeding plan with our experts over a free phone consultation Discuss your horse's diet over a phone consultation
Submit Diet Evaluation
Get a customized feeding plan for your horse formulated by our equine nutritionists Get a custom feeding plan formulated by our nutritionists