[Lens-induced uveitis (endophthalmitis phakoanaphylactica) in domestic animals].
Abstract: In this paper ophthalmological and clinical results as well as the literature on lens-induced uveitis (LIU), a relatively unknown pathological syndrome in domestic animals, are presented. Out of all ocular material sent to the Institute of Pathology, GSF, from 1970 until 1990 (n = 864), 40 individual cases of LIU (14 cases in dogs, 13 in cats, 10 in rabbits, 1 in a horse and 2 in birds) were diagnosed. The histology of the eyes of the cases is characterized by a lesion of the lens capsule and a consequent reactive phacogenic inflammation of the anterior segment of the eye in the region of the anterior uvea. A comparison of the history and ophthalmological diagnosis indicates that 36 lens-induced uveitis cases occurred following a (spontaneous) traumatic injury to the eye, whereby the anterior lens capsule was perforated with the result of the lens material being exuded into the anterior uvea (iris-ciliary body region). The strongly vascularized anterior uvea is used as a carrier and a connecting link to the immune system. None of the histologically examined cases of LIU were diagnosed as such clinically. This can be explained by the fact that the uveitis is difficult to recognize on account of overlying secondary alterations in the eye. Nevertheless the morphological substrate of LIU is considered to be pathognomonic. The inflammatory and cellular reactions leading to a release of the lens material observed in domestic and laboratory animals exhibit only slight parallels to those observed in man. The case history of animals usually reveals a traumatic injury and an endophthalmitis (with or without secondary glaucoma) which cannot be controlled therapeutically. The therapy for promptly diagnosed cases should be a lens extraction to save the affected eye and its sight. In advanced cases the enucleation of the bulbus is the therapy of choice.
Publication Date: 1992-02-01 PubMed ID: 1509484
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- English Abstract
- Journal Article
Summary
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The study discusses lens-induced uveitis (LIU) – an underexplored pathological condition found in domestic animals like dogs, cats, rabbits, horses, and birds. The researchers analyzed ocular samples from 1970 to 1990, and diagnosed 40 individual instances of LIU. They found this condition is primarily caused by a lesion in the lens capsule, leading to inflammation in the eye’s anterior segment. More often than not, these incidents were found to be the result of spontaneous traumatic eye injuries causing the lens material to leak into the anterior uvea, which then triggers a connection to the immune system and results in inflammation.
Methodology and Findings
- The team conducted a retrospective analysis of ocular material sent to the Institute of Pathology, GSF over a twenty-year period (1970-1990).
- Out of 864 samples, they identified 40 cases of lens-induced uveitis (LIU) in dogs, cats, rabbits, a horse and birds.
- The researchers noticed that LIU typically occurred following a spontaneous or traumatic injury which resulted in the perforation of the anterior lens capsule and subsequent leakage of the lens material into the iris-ciliary body region.
Diagnostic Difficulties and Course of Action
- The primary issue noted was that LIU was hard to diagnose clinically due to secondary alterations in the eye that obscured the primary inflammation.
- Despite these diagnostic difficulties, the researchers maintained that the morphological substrate of LIU is pathognomonic, meaning it is distinctive and specific to this condition.
- It was observed that the disease course typically involved traumatic injury and endophthalmitis, potentially leading to secondary glaucoma, which could not be easily treated.
Treatment Recommendation
- The authors recommend lens extraction as a potential therapy for quickly diagnosed cases, aiming to preserve the affected eye and its vision.
- In already advanced cases, the researchers suggest enucleation of the bulbus (removal of the entire eyeball) as the most suitable treatment option.
Cite This Article
APA
Pfleghaar S, Schäffer EH.
(1992).
[Lens-induced uveitis (endophthalmitis phakoanaphylactica) in domestic animals].
Tierarztl Prax, 20(1), 7-18.
Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- GSF-Institut für Pathologie, München/Neuherberg.
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Bird Diseases / etiology
- Bird Diseases / pathology
- Cat Diseases / etiology
- Cat Diseases / pathology
- Cats
- Dog Diseases / etiology
- Dog Diseases / pathology
- Dogs
- Endophthalmitis / complications
- Endophthalmitis / veterinary
- Eye Injuries / complications
- Eye Injuries / veterinary
- Horse Diseases / etiology
- Horse Diseases / pathology
- Horses
- Parrots
- Rabbits
- Uveitis / etiology
- Uveitis / pathology
- Uveitis / veterinary
Citations
This article has been cited 1 times.- Wollanke B, Gerhards H, Ackermann K. Infectious Uveitis in Horses and New Insights in Its Leptospiral Biofilm-Related Pathogenesis. Microorganisms 2022 Feb 7;10(2).
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