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Cartilage2017; 9(3); 304-312; doi: 10.1177/1947603516686146

α-Lipoic Acid Potentiates the Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Avocado/Soybean Unsaponifiables in Chondrocyte Cultures.

Abstract: Objective Pro-inflammatory mediators such as prostaglandin E-2 (PGE2) play major roles in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis (OA). Although current pharmacologic treatments reduce inflammation, their prolonged use is associated with deleterious side effects prompting the search for safer and effective alternative strategies. The present study evaluated whether chondrocyte production of PGE2 can be suppressed by the combination of avocado/soybean unsaponifiables (ASU) and α-lipoic acid (LA). Design Chondrocytes from articular cartilage of equine joints were incubated for 24 hours with: (1) control media, (2) ASU, (3) LA, or (4) ASU + LA combination. Cells were activated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), interleukin 1β (IL-1β) or hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) for 24 hours and supernatants were immunoassayed for PGE2. Nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) analyses were performed by immunocytochemistry and Western blot following 1 hour of activation with IL-1β. Results LPS, IL-1β, or H2O2 significantly increased PGE2 production. ASU or LA alone suppressed PGE2 production in LPS and IL-1β activated cells. Only LA alone at 2.5 µg/mL was inhibitory in H2O2-activated chondrocytes. ASU + LA inhibited more than either agent alone in all activated cells. ASU + LA also inhibited the IL-1β induced nuclear translocation of NF-κB. Conclusions The present study provides evidence that chondrocyte PGE2 production can be inhibited by the combination of ASU + LA more effectively than either ASU or LA alone. Inhibition of PGE2 production is associated with the suppression of NF-κB translocation. The potent inhibitory effect of ASU + LA on PGE2 production could offer a potential advantage for a combination anti-inflammatory/antioxidant approach in the management of OA.
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Publication Date: 2017-01-10 PubMed ID: 29156944PubMed Central: PMC6042030DOI: 10.1177/1947603516686146Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research paper investigates whether a combination of avocado/soybean unsaponifiables (ASU) and α-lipoic acid (LA) can suppress chondrocyte (a type of cell found in healthy cartilage) production of prostaglandin E-2 (PGE), a compound that can cause inflammation and contribute to osteoarthritis.

Research Design and Methods

In the study, chondrocytes from the articular cartilage (the smooth, slippery surface that covers the ends of bones) of equine joints were set up in various conditions:

  • In control media with no treatment
  • With ASU treatment
  • With LA treatment
  • With a combination of ASU and LA treatment

These cells then underwent activation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), interleukin 1β (IL-1β), or hydrogen peroxide (HO) for 24 hours. The liquids around the cells were then tested for the presence of PGE, which reveals the level of inflammation in the cells.

The Nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB, a protein complex that controls the transcription of DNA) analyses were performed through the use of immunocytochemistry and Western blot after having been activated with IL-1β for an hour.

Results

The results showed that activation with LPS, IL-1β, or HO significantly increased PGE production, and hence inflammation. However, treatment with ASU or LA alone was able to suppress this inflammation in cells activated with LPS and IL-1β. For HO-activated cells, LA alone at 2.5 µg/mL was able to inhibit inflammation.

Importantly, a combination of ASU and LA was able to inhibit inflammation more than either agent alone in all activated cells. Moreover, this combination also inhibited the translocation (movement) of NF-κB induced by IL-1β.

Conclusions

The prevailing results suggest that the combination of ASU and LA effectively inhibits the production of PGE by chondrocytes, more efficiently than when either substance is used alone. The inhibition of PGE production is linked with the suppression of the movement of NF-κB, which reduces inflammation. The potent inhibitory effect of the ASU and LA combination on PGE production potentially makes it an advantageous approach for the combined anti-inflammatory and antioxidant management of osteoarthritis.

Cite This Article

APA
Frondoza CG, Fortuno LV, Grzanna MW, Ownby SL, Au AY, Rashmir-Raven AM. (2017). α-Lipoic Acid Potentiates the Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Avocado/Soybean Unsaponifiables in Chondrocyte Cultures. Cartilage, 9(3), 304-312. https://doi.org/10.1177/1947603516686146

Publication

Cartilage
ISSN: 1947-6043
NlmUniqueID: 101518378
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 9
Issue: 3
Pages: 304-312

Researcher Affiliations

Frondoza, Carmelita G
  • 1 Nutramax Laboratories, Inc., Edgewood, MD, USA.
  • 2 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
  • 3 College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA.
Fortuno, Lowella V
  • 1 Nutramax Laboratories, Inc., Edgewood, MD, USA.
Grzanna, Mark W
  • 1 Nutramax Laboratories, Inc., Edgewood, MD, USA.
Ownby, Stacy L
  • 1 Nutramax Laboratories, Inc., Edgewood, MD, USA.
Au, Angela Y
  • 1 Nutramax Laboratories, Inc., Edgewood, MD, USA.
Rashmir-Raven, Ann M
  • 4 College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Anti-Inflammatory Agents / adverse effects
  • Anti-Inflammatory Agents / metabolism
  • Anti-Inflammatory Agents / pharmacology
  • Cartilage, Articular / cytology
  • Cartilage, Articular / drug effects
  • Cartilage, Articular / metabolism
  • Cells, Cultured / drug effects
  • Chondrocytes / cytology
  • Chondrocytes / drug effects
  • Chondrocytes / metabolism
  • Combined Modality Therapy / methods
  • Dinoprostone / biosynthesis
  • Dinoprostone / metabolism
  • Disease Models, Animal
  • Horses
  • Hydrogen Peroxide / metabolism
  • Hydrogen Peroxide / pharmacology
  • Inflammation / drug therapy
  • Interleukin-1beta / metabolism
  • Interleukin-1beta / pharmacology
  • Lipopolysaccharides / metabolism
  • Lipopolysaccharides / pharmacology
  • NF-kappa B / metabolism
  • NF-kappa B / pharmacology
  • Osteoarthritis / drug therapy
  • Osteoarthritis / metabolism
  • Osteoarthritis / physiopathology
  • Persea / adverse effects
  • Persea / metabolism
  • Plant Extracts / pharmacology
  • Soybean Oil / adverse effects
  • Soybean Oil / metabolism
  • Soybean Oil / pharmacology
  • Thioctic Acid / adverse effects
  • Thioctic Acid / metabolism
  • Thioctic Acid / pharmacology

Conflict of Interest Statement

Declaration of Conflicting Interests: The author(s) declared the following potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: Carmelita G. Frondoza, Lowella Fortuno, Mark Grzanna, and Angela Y. Au are former employees of Nutramax Laboratories, Inc. but do not hold stocks or royalties. Stacy Ownby is a current employee of Nutramax Laboratories, Inc. but does not hold stocks or royalties.

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Citations

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