Omneity® Pellets
All-In-One Vitamin & Mineral Pellet
Lyophilized combination pools of enterovirus equine antisera: preparation and test procedures for the identification of field strains of 19 group A coxsackievirus serotypes.
Abstract: This paper describes the preparation of seven combination pools of equine antisera, designated J though P, for identification of 19 coxsackievirus A immunotypes. Each pool is composed of 4 to 6 antisera; the serotypes included are A1-6, 8, 10-15, and 17-22. These pools, unlike the previously prepared A-H enterovirus pools, were lyophilized from volumes of 0.5 ml dispensed into 5-ml vials, and when rehydrated with 5 ml of diluent provide 50-antibody-unit material ready for use in identification tests without further dilution. Procedures for using the antiserum pools are given, and guidance is provided for interpreting the results of serum neutralization tests in identifying field isolates.
Publication Date: 1977-01-01 PubMed ID: 558177DOI: 10.1159/000148892Google Scholar: Lookup The Equine Research Bank provides access to a large database of publicly available scientific literature. Inclusion in the Research Bank does not imply endorsement of study methods or findings by Mad Barn.
- Journal Article
- Research Support
- U.S. Gov't
- P.H.S.
Summary
This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.
The research article describes the process of preparing seven blends of horse antisera, a component of blood serum, to identify 19 types of coxsackievirus A. The antisera pools, labelled J to P, were freeze-dried from 0.5 ml solutions and rehydrated when needed for testing, offering a readily usable method for identifying these viruses. Specific procedures and advice are given to interpret the results of serum neutralization tests.
Antisera Preparation
- The study elaborates on the creation of seven combination pools of equine antisera, marked as J to P. These pools are convolutions of 4 to 6 antisera each and are designed to identify 19 immunotypes of coxsackievirus A. The serotypes incorporated are A1-6, 8, 10-15, and 17-22.
- The unique aspect of these antisera pools is their method of storage. Unlike previous A-H enterovirus antisera pools, these were lyophilized, or freeze-dried from volumes of 0.5 ml into 5-ml vials. This move makes them easier for longer-lasting storage and transport.
Application and Procedure
- When these freeze-dried antisera pools need to be used, they are rehydrated with 5 ml of diluent. After rehydration, they yield a 50-antibody-unit material that is ready to be used in identification tests without any more dilution.
- The paper also lays down the procedures for using these antiserum pools. It elaborates on how the pools should be deployed when attempting to identify the presence of coxsackievirus A immunotypes.
Interpretation of Results
- Furthermore, the researchers in the study provide advice on interpreting the results of serum neutralization tests, which are standard methodologies used to identify viruses. They help the reader navigate through potential outcomes when these tests are used on field isolates – samples taken from the field, not from lab-grown specimens.
Cite This Article
APA
Melnick JL, Schmidt NJ, Hampil B, Ho HH.
(1977).
Lyophilized combination pools of enterovirus equine antisera: preparation and test procedures for the identification of field strains of 19 group A coxsackievirus serotypes.
Intervirology, 8(3), 172-181.
https://doi.org/10.1159/000148892 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Antibodies, Viral
- Enterovirus / classification
- Freeze Drying
- Horses / immunology
- Immune Sera
- Neutralization Tests
- Serotyping / methods
Citations
This article has been cited 8 times.- Huguenin A, Moutte L, Renois F, Leveque N, Talmud D, Abely M, Nguyen Y, Carrat F, Andreoletti L. Broad respiratory virus detection in infants hospitalized for bronchiolitis by use of a multiplex RT-PCR DNA microarray system. J Med Virol 2012 Jun;84(6):979-85.
- Jacques J, Moret H, Minette D, Lévêque N, Jovenin N, Deslée G, Lebargy F, Motte J, Andréoletti L. Epidemiological, molecular, and clinical features of enterovirus respiratory infections in French children between 1999 and 2005. J Clin Microbiol 2008 Jan;46(1):206-13.
- Lévêque N, Amine IL, Cartet G, Hammani AB, Khazraji YC, Lina B, Muyembe JJ, Norder H, Chomel JJ. Two outbreaks of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis in Africa due to genotype III coxsackievirus A24 variant. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2007 Mar;26(3):199-202.
- Perera D, Podin Y, Akin W, Tan CS, Cardosa MJ. Incorrect identification of recent Asian strains of Coxsackievirus A16 as human enterovirus 71: improved primers for the specific detection of human enterovirus 71 by RT PCR. BMC Infect Dis 2004 May 4;4:11.
- Muir P, Kämmerer U, Korn K, Mulders MN, Pöyry T, Weissbrich B, Kandolf R, Cleator GM, van Loon AM. Molecular typing of enteroviruses: current status and future requirements. The European Union Concerted Action on Virus Meningitis and Encephalitis. Clin Microbiol Rev 1998 Jan;11(1):202-27.
- Shulman LM, Manor Y, Azar R, Handsher R, Vonsover A, Mendelson E, Rothman S, Hassin D, Halmut T, Abramovitz B, Varsano N. Identification of a new strain of fastidious enterovirus 70 as the causative agent of an outbreak of hemorrhagic conjunctivitis. J Clin Microbiol 1997 Aug;35(8):2145-9.
- Cabrerizo M, Fernández-García MD. [The role of the National Polio Laboratory and the network of Sub-National Laboratories in the eradication of poliomyelitis in Spain]. Rev Esp Salud Publica 2025 Mar 21;99.
- Zhong Z, Su X, Yang K, Huang W, Wang J, Zhuo Z, Xiang J, Lin L, He S, Li T, Zhang J, Ge S, Zhang S, Xia N. Sequence-specific nanoparticle barcode strategy for multiplex human enterovirus typing. Nat Commun 2024 Aug 1;15(1):6478.
Use Nutrition Calculator
Check if your horse's diet meets their nutrition requirements with our easy-to-use tool Check your horse's diet with our easy-to-use tool
Talk to a Nutritionist
Discuss your horse's feeding plan with our experts over a free phone consultation Discuss your horse's diet over a phone consultation
Submit Diet Evaluation
Get a customized feeding plan for your horse formulated by our equine nutritionists Get a custom feeding plan formulated by our nutritionists
