Macrocyclic lactone-resistant Parascaris equorum on stud farms in Canada and effectiveness of fenbendazole and pyrantel pamoate.
Abstract: The aims of studies in 2002 and 2003 on three farms with 76 foals naturally infected with Parascaris equorum were to (i) identify if the nematode was resistant to ivermectin and moxidectin, and (ii) confirm the effectiveness of fenbendazole and pyrantel pamoate for the parasite. Twelve clinical trials, each with a Fecal Egg Count Reduction Test, were conducted on two Thoroughbred and one Standardbred farms in southwestern Ontario, Canada. In each trial, Parascaris eggs/g feces were estimated for each foal pre- and post-treatment using the Cornell-Wisconsin double flotation and Cornell-McMaster dilution techniques. On each farm and for each trial, foals were randomized into treatment groups. Treatments were ivermectin, moxidectin, fenbendazole, pyrantel pamoate administered at the manufacturers' recommended dosages, and some foals were untreated. The overall efficacy for ivermectin was 33.5% (19 foals) and for moxidectin 47.2% (28 foals). Fenbendazole (16 foals) and pyrantel pamoate (21 foals) were highly effective for P. equorum each at 97.6%. For fenbendazole, 15 foals had 100% and for pyrantel pamoate 17 foals had >97% with 14 at 100%.
Publication Date: 2006-09-07 PubMed ID: 16962243DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2006.08.008Google Scholar: Lookup
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- Controlled Clinical Trial
- Journal Article
- Research Support
- Non-U.S. Gov't
Summary
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This research aims to identify resistance in a common equine parasite, Parascaris equorum, to two drugs, and confirm the effectiveness of two others. The study found that the parasite showed resistance to ivermectin and moxidectin, but responded well to fenbendazole and pyrantel pamoate.
Study Objective and Methodology
- The study was conducted in 2002 and 2003 on three farms, focusing on 76 foals naturally infected with Parascaris equorum, a common equine parasite.
- The researchers aimed to determine if the parasite was resistant to ivermectin and moxidectin, two commonly used medicines for treating the parasite.
- Additionally, they wanted to confirm the effectiveness of two other drugs, fenbendazole and pyrantel pamoate, in treating the infection caused by the parasite.
- The trials were conducted on two Thoroughbred and one Standardbred farms in southwestern Ontario, Canada.
- Fecal Egg Count Reduction Test was used to estimate the number of Parascaris eggs per gram of feces for each foal pre- and post-treatment.
Treatment Plan and Process
- For each trial, the foals were randomly divided into treatment groups.
- The treatment included the four drugs under investigation, administered at the manufacturers’ recommended dosages, with some foals left untreated to serve as controls.
- After treatment, the researchers again conducted a Fecal Egg Count Reduction Test to measure the parasite’s response to the drugs.
Results and Conclusions
- The study found that the overall effectiveness of ivermectin was 33.5% and for moxidectin it was 47.2% indicating the parasite’s resistance to these drugs.
- In comparison, both fenbendazole and pyrantel pamoate showed a high rate of effectiveness against the parasite, each at 97.6%, demonstrating that these drugs are still viable treatment options.
These findings underline the need for continuous research and monitoring of drug effectiveness and resistance in parasites, in order to maintain effective treatment plans for equine health.
Cite This Article
APA
Slocombe JO, de Gannes RV, Lake MC.
(2006).
Macrocyclic lactone-resistant Parascaris equorum on stud farms in Canada and effectiveness of fenbendazole and pyrantel pamoate.
Vet Parasitol, 145(3-4), 371-376.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetpar.2006.08.008 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1 (Slocombe) Canada. oslocomb@uoguelph.ca
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Anthelmintics / therapeutic use
- Ascaridida Infections / drug therapy
- Ascaridida Infections / epidemiology
- Ascaridida Infections / veterinary
- Ascaridoidea / isolation & purification
- Canada / epidemiology
- Drug Resistance, Multiple
- Female
- Fenbendazole / therapeutic use
- Horse Diseases / epidemiology
- Horse Diseases / parasitology
- Horses
- Ivermectin / pharmacology
- Macrolides / pharmacology
- Male
- Pyrantel Pamoate / therapeutic use
Citations
This article has been cited 16 times.- Cain JL, Norris JK, Ripley NE, Suri P, Finnerty CA, Gravatte HS, Nielsen MK. The microbial community associated with Parascaris spp. infecting juvenile horses.. Parasit Vectors 2022 Nov 4;15(1):408.
- Cain JL, Nielsen MK. The equine ascarids: resuscitating historic model organisms for modern purposes.. Parasitol Res 2022 Oct;121(10):2775-2791.
- Gerhard AP, Krücken J, Heitlinger E, Janssen IJI, Basiaga M, Kornaś S, Beier C, Nielsen MK, Davis RE, Wang J, von Samson-Himmelstjerna G. The P-glycoprotein repertoire of the equine parasitic nematode Parascaris univalens.. Sci Rep 2020 Aug 12;10(1):13586.
- Kaschny M, Demeler J, Janssen IJ, Kuzmina TA, Besognet B, Kanellos T, Kerboeuf D, von Samson-Himmelstjerna G, Krücken J. Macrocyclic lactones differ in interaction with recombinant P-glycoprotein 9 of the parasitic nematode Cylicocylus elongatus and ketoconazole in a yeast growth assay.. PLoS Pathog 2015 Apr;11(4):e1004781.
- Jabbar A, Littlewood DT, Mohandas N, Briscoe AG, Foster PG, Müller F, von Samson-Himmelstjerna G, Jex AR, Gasser RB. The mitochondrial genome of Parascaris univalens--implications for a "forgotten" parasite.. Parasit Vectors 2014 Sep 4;7:428.
- Andersen UV, Howe DK, Dangoudoubiyam S, Toft N, Reinemeyer CR, Lyons ET, Olsen SN, Monrad J, Nejsum P, Nielsen MK. SvSXP: a Strongylus vulgaris antigen with potential for prepatent diagnosis.. Parasit Vectors 2013 Apr 4;6:84.
- Lyons ET, Tolliver SC, Kuzmina TA. Investigation of strongyle EPG values in horse mares relative to known age, number positive, and level of egg shedding in field studies on 26 farms in Central Kentucky (2010-2011).. Parasitol Res 2012 Jun;110(6):2237-45.
- Lyons ET, Tolliver SC, Kuzmina TA, Collins SS. Further evaluation in field tests of the activity of three anthelmintics (fenbendazole, oxibendazole, and pyrantel pamoate) against the ascarid Parascaris equorum in horse foals on eight farms in Central Kentucky (2009-2010).. Parasitol Res 2011 Oct;109(4):1193-7.
- Upjohn MM, Shipton K, Lerotholi T, Attwood G, Verheyen KL. Coprological prevalence and intensity of helminth infection in working horses in Lesotho.. Trop Anim Health Prod 2010 Dec;42(8):1655-61.
- Lind EO, Christensson D. Anthelmintic efficacy on Parascaris equorum in foals on Swedish studs.. Acta Vet Scand 2009 Nov 22;51(1):45.
- Reinemeyer CR. Diagnosis and control of anthelmintic-resistant Parascaris equorum.. Parasit Vectors 2009 Sep 25;2 Suppl 2(Suppl 2):S8.
- Nielsen MK. Restrictions of anthelmintic usage: perspectives and potential consequences.. Parasit Vectors 2009 Sep 25;2 Suppl 2(Suppl 2):S7.
- Cobb R, Boeckh A. Moxidectin: a review of chemistry, pharmacokinetics and use in horses.. Parasit Vectors 2009 Sep 25;2 Suppl 2(Suppl 2):S5.
- Lyons ET, Tolliver SC, Collins SS. Probable reason why small strongyle EPG counts are returning "early" after ivermectin treatment of horses on a farm in Central Kentucky.. Parasitol Res 2009 Feb;104(3):569-74.
- Lyons ET, Tolliver SC, Ionita M, Collins SS. Evaluation of parasiticidal activity of fenbendazole, ivermectin, oxibendazole, and pyrantel pamoate in horse foals with emphasis on ascarids (Parascaris equorum) in field studies on five farms in Central Kentucky in 2007.. Parasitol Res 2008 Jul;103(2):287-91.
- Slocombe JO, Coté JF, de Gannes RV. The persistence of benzimidazole-resistant cyathostomes on horse farms in Ontario over 10 years and the effectiveness of ivermectin and moxidectin against these resistant strains.. Can Vet J 2008 Jan;49(1):56-60.
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