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Emerging microbes & infections2015; 4(6); e33; doi: 10.1038/emi.2015.33

Major emerging vector-borne zoonotic diseases of public health importance in Canada.

Abstract: In Canada, the emergence of vector-borne diseases may occur via international movement and subsequent establishment of vectors and pathogens, or via northward spread from endemic areas in the USA. Re-emergence of endemic vector-borne diseases may occur due to climate-driven changes to their geographic range and ecology. Lyme disease, West Nile virus (WNV), and other vector-borne diseases were identified as priority emerging non-enteric zoonoses in Canada in a prioritization exercise conducted by public health stakeholders in 2013. We review and present the state of knowledge on the public health importance of these high priority emerging vector-borne diseases in Canada. Lyme disease is emerging in Canada due to range expansion of the tick vector, which also signals concern for the emergence of human granulocytic anaplasmosis, babesiosis, and Powassan virus. WNV has been established in Canada since 2001, with epidemics of varying intensity in following years linked to climatic drivers. Eastern equine encephalitis virus, Jamestown Canyon virus, snowshoe hare virus, and Cache Valley virus are other mosquito-borne viruses endemic to Canada with the potential for human health impact. Increased surveillance for emerging pathogens and vectors and coordinated efforts among sectors and jurisdictions will aid in early detection and timely public health response.
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Publication Date: 2015-06-10 PubMed ID: 26954882PubMed Central: PMC4773043DOI: 10.1038/emi.2015.33Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The study discusses the increasing occurrence of vector-borne diseases in Canada due to vector movement, climatic changes and pathogen establishment. Diseases like Lyme, West Nile virus and others have been identified as top priorities that need addressing to ensure public health safety in the country.

Emergence and Re-emergence of Vector-Borne Diseases

  • The research underlines that the emergence and re-emergence of vector-borne diseases in Canada could be a result of international movement and establishment of vectors and pathogens. The subsequent spread may also occur northwards from endemic areas in the USA.
  • This emergence may also be attributed to the climate-induced changes in the geography and ecology of the area which may cause even endemic diseases to resurface.

Identification of Priority Diseases

  • The research mentions that some vector-borne diseases like Lyme disease and West Nile Virus (WNV) were marked as priority emerging non-enteric zoonoses in Canada in a subjective prioritization exercise done by public health stakeholders in 2013.
  • The research aims to review and divulge the state of knowledge about these high priority diseases and their public health importance in Canada.

Consequence of Vector Expansion

  • The Lyme disease emergence in Canada is directly linked to the expansion of the tick vector. This expansion also indicates the potential emergence of other diseases like human granulocytic anaplasmosis, babesiosis, and Powassan virus.
  • Since its establishment in 2001, Canada has seen WNV epidemics of varying intensities. The study links these varying diseases’ outbreaks to climatic factors.

Other Potential Health Impact Diseases

  • Other diseases endemic to Canada but have the potential to impact human health include Eastern equine encephalitis virus, Jamestown Canyon virus, snowshoe hare virus, and Cache Valley virus. These are mosquito-borne viruses.
  • The study emphasizes the need for increased surveillance for emerging pathogens and vectors to facilitate early detection and timely public health response. It also stresses the importance of coordinated efforts among sectors and jurisdictions to address this health concern.

The article underscores the growing problem of vector-borne diseases in Canada and their public health impact. The study also discusses the potential causes and measures to combat such diseases.

Cite This Article

APA
Kulkarni MA, Berrang-Ford L, Buck PA, Drebot MA, Lindsay LR, Ogden NH. (2015). Major emerging vector-borne zoonotic diseases of public health importance in Canada. Emerg Microbes Infect, 4(6), e33. https://doi.org/10.1038/emi.2015.33

Publication

Emerging microbes & infections
ISSN: 2222-1751
NlmUniqueID: 101594885
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 4
Issue: 6
Pages: e33

Researcher Affiliations

Kulkarni, Manisha A
  • School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada.
Berrang-Ford, Lea
  • Department of Geography, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 0B9, Canada.
Buck, Peter A
  • Zoonoses Division, Centre for Food-borne Environmental and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0K9, Canada.
Drebot, Michael A
  • Zoonotic Diseases and Special Pathogens Division, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB, R3E 3R2, Canada.
Lindsay, L Robbin
  • Zoonotic Diseases and Special Pathogens Division, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB, R3E 3R2, Canada.
Ogden, Nicholas H
  • Zoonoses Division, Centre for Food-borne Environmental and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ste-Hyacinthe, QC, J2S 7C6, Canada.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Bacterial Infections / epidemiology
  • Canada / epidemiology
  • Communicable Diseases, Emerging / epidemiology
  • Disease Vectors
  • Humans
  • Parasitic Diseases / epidemiology
  • Public Health
  • Virus Diseases / epidemiology
  • Zoonoses

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