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Mediators of inflammation2014; 2014; 579279; doi: 10.1155/2014/579279

Major histocompatibility complex I mediates immunological tolerance of the trophoblast during pregnancy and may mediate rejection during parturition.

Abstract: During pregnancy in larger mammals, the maternal immune system must tolerate the fetus for months while resisting external infection. This tolerance is facilitated by immunological communication between the fetus and the mother, which is mediated by Major Histocompatibility Complex I (MHC I) proteins, by leukocytes, and by the cytokines secreted by the leukocytes. Fetal-maternal immunological communication also supports pregnancy by inducing physiological changes in the mother. If the mother "misunderstands" the signal sent by the fetus during pregnancy, the fetus will be miscarried or delivered preterm. Unlike any other maternal organ, the placenta can express paternal antigens. At parturition, paternal antigens are known to be expressed in cows and may be expressed in horses, possibly so that the maternal immune system will reject the placenta and help to expel it. This review compares fetal-maternal crosstalk that is mediated by the immune system in three species with pregnancies that last for nine months or longer: humans, cattle, and horses. It raises the possibility that immunological communication early in pregnancy may prepare the mother for successful expulsion of fetal membranes at parturition.
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Publication Date: 2014-04-09 PubMed ID: 24812442PubMed Central: PMC4000645DOI: 10.1155/2014/579279Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research article centres around the study of how the immune system of larger mammals, such as humans, cows, and horses, uses Major Histocompatibility Complex I (MHC I) proteins to communicate between the fetus and the mother during pregnancy, establishing a state of tolerance for the fetus. The research also explores the concept that this immune activity can contribute to the expulsion of the placenta during parturition through a process of immune rejection.

Understanding the Immune System During Pregnancy

  • The immune system in larger mammals is responsible for preserving the health of the organism by fighting off external infection.
  • However, during pregnancy it is important that the maternal immune system also tolerates the genetically distinct fetus for an extensive period.
  • This immunological tolerance maintained during pregnancy has an exceptional status and is achieved by signaling between the fetus and the mother through a system mediated by Major Histocompatibility Complex I (MHC I) proteins.
  • The communication between the fetus and mother not only prevents the mother from rejecting the fetus as foreign but also triggers physiological changes in the mother to support pregnancy.
  • If the maternal immune system misinterprets the fetus’s signals, it may lead to premature delivery or miscarriage.

Immunological Interplay during Parturition

  • The placenta is an organ unique in its ability to express paternal antigens, inherited from the father and distinct from those of the mother.
  • During parturition, or childbirth, these paternal antigens are known to be expressed in cows and possibly in horses.
  • The researchers suggest that these antigens might be expressed to incite the maternal immune system to reject the placenta, aiding in its expulsion during childbirth, a process called parturition.

Comparative Analysis Across Species

  • The study conducts a comparative review across three animal species with long gestation periods: humans, cattle, and horses.
  • Looking at these species helps to provide insights into how immunological communication during early pregnancy may prepare the mother for successful parturition, the process by which the placenta and fetus are expelled from the uterus.

In light of these observations, the research raises an intriguing possibility that the immune system has evolved to not only tolerate the fetus during gestation but also to reject fetal tissues at parturition to ensure the safe delivery of the offspring.

Cite This Article

APA
Rapacz-Leonard A, Dąbrowska M, Janowski T. (2014). Major histocompatibility complex I mediates immunological tolerance of the trophoblast during pregnancy and may mediate rejection during parturition. Mediators Inflamm, 2014, 579279. https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/579279

Publication

Mediators of inflammation
ISSN: 1466-1861
NlmUniqueID: 9209001
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 2014
Pages: 579279

Researcher Affiliations

Rapacz-Leonard, Anna
  • Department of Animal Reproduction with Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury, ul. Oczapowskiego 14, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland.
Dąbrowska, Małgorzata
  • Department of Animal Reproduction with Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury, ul. Oczapowskiego 14, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland.
Janowski, Tomasz
  • Department of Animal Reproduction with Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury, ul. Oczapowskiego 14, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Cattle
  • Female
  • Horses
  • Humans
  • Immune Tolerance / physiology
  • Major Histocompatibility Complex / physiology
  • Placenta / cytology
  • Placenta / immunology
  • Placenta / metabolism
  • Pregnancy
  • Trophoblasts / cytology
  • Trophoblasts / immunology
  • Trophoblasts / metabolism

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