Measured and calculated variables of global oxygenation in healthy neonatal foals.
Abstract: OBJECTIVE To assess multiple central venous and arterial blood variables that alone or in conjunction with one another reflect global oxygenation status in healthy neonatal foals. ANIMALS 11 healthy neonatal foals. PROCEDURES Central venous and arterial blood samples were collected from healthy neonatal foals at 12, 24, 36, 48, 72, and 96 hours after birth. Variables measured from central venous and arterial blood samples included oxygen saturation of hemoglobin, partial pressure of oxygen, lactate concentration, partial pressure of carbon dioxide, and pH. Calculated variables included venous-to-arterial carbon dioxide gap, estimated oxygen extraction ratio, ratio of partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood to the fraction of inspired oxygen, bicarbonate concentration, base excess, and blood oxygen content. RESULTS Significant differences between arterial and central venous blood obtained from neonatal foals were detected for several variables, particularly partial pressure of oxygen, oxygen saturation of hemoglobin, and oxygen content. In addition, the partial pressure of carbon dioxide in central venous blood samples was significantly higher than the value for corresponding arterial blood samples. Several temporal differences were detected for other variables. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results of this study provided information about several variables that reflect global oxygenation in healthy neonatal foals. Values for these variables in healthy foals can allow for comparison with values for critically ill foals in future studies. Comparison of these variables between healthy and ill foals may aid in treatment decisions and prognosis of clinical outcome for critically ill foals.
Publication Date: 2017-02-01 PubMed ID: 28140639DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.78.2.230Google Scholar: Lookup
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- Journal Article
Summary
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This research study sought to evaluate a variety of venous and arterial blood variables that could indicate global oxygenation status in healthy newborn foals, with the hope of providing comparative data for future treatment decisions and outcome prognosis of critically ill foals.
Objective and Subjects of the Study
- The study aimed to examine multiple variables from both central venous and arterial blood that could individually or collectively indicate global oxygenation levels in healthy newborn foals.
- The investigation was carried out on 11 healthy newborn foals.
Procedures
- Central venous and arterial blood samples were collected from healthy newborn foals at different time intervals: 12, 24, 36, 48, 72, and 96 hours after birth.
- Several variables were measured from these blood samples, including oxygen saturation of hemoglobin, partial pressure of oxygen, lactate concentration, partial pressure of carbon dioxide, and pH.
- Furthermore, a set of calculated variables was considered. They included venous-to-arterial carbon dioxide gap, estimated oxygen extraction ratio, the ratio of partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood to the fraction of inspired oxygen (P/F ratio), bicarbonate concentration, base excess, and blood oxygen content.
Results
- A significant difference was observed between arterial and central venous blood obtained from neonatal foals for several variables, particularly partial pressure of oxygen, oxygen saturation of hemoglobin, and oxygen content.
- The value of the partial pressure of carbon dioxide in central venous blood samples was found to be significantly higher than the corresponding arterial blood samples.
- Temporal differences were found for other variables, i.e., the variables changed over time.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance
- The outcomes of this research study provided insight into several variables that act as indicators of global oxygenation in healthy newborn foals.
- Records of these variables in healthy foals can be used for comparison with similar values in critically ill foals in future research, potentially aiding in treatment decisions and prognosis assessment of clinical outcomes in critically ill foals.
Cite This Article
APA
Wong DM, Hepworth-Warren KL, Sponseller BT, Howard JM, Wang C.
(2017).
Measured and calculated variables of global oxygenation in healthy neonatal foals.
Am J Vet Res, 78(2), 230-238.
https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.78.2.230 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Animals, Newborn / physiology
- Blood Gas Analysis / veterinary
- Carbon Dioxide / blood
- Horses / physiology
- Lactic Acid / blood
- Oxygen / blood
- Reference Values
Citations
This article has been cited 2 times.- Stefanik E, Drewnowska O, Lisowska B, Turek B. Causes, Effects and Methods of Monitoring Gas Exchange Disturbances during Equine General Anaesthesia. Animals (Basel) 2021 Jul 9;11(7).
- Boesch JM, Gleed RD, Buss PE, Tordiffe ASW, Zeiler GE, Miller MA, Viljoen F, Harvey BH, Parry SA, Meyer LCR. Etorphine induces pathophysiology in immobilized white rhinoceros through sympathomimesis that is attenuated by butorphanol. Conserv Physiol 2025;13(1):coaf009.
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