Measurement of serum amyloid A in the neonatal foal using a latex agglutination immunoturbidimetric assay: determination of the normal range, variation with age and response to disease.
Abstract: This paper describes the use of a latex agglutination assay to measure serum amyloid A (SAA) in the neonatal foal. The normal range and response to clinical disease was determined. This retrospective study evaluated SAA concentrations over the first 3 days postpartum of 226 Thoroughbred foals judged to be clinically healthy. The normal range for each day was determined; levels were found to be significantly highest on Day 2 (Day 1 vs. Day 2 P<0.0001). The 95th percentile for Days 1-3 was 27.1 mg/l. Clinical records of 133 foals, presented as first or second opinion cases, were evaluated. Foals were divided into 4 groups; septicaemia (S), focal infection (FI), failure of passive transfer (FPT) and noninfectious disease (NI). There was a statistically significant difference (P<0.0001) between SAA concentrations of control foals compared to Groups S and FI. There was no statistically significant difference between controls and Groups FPT and NI. When Group NI was compared to Groups S and FI, there was a statistically significant difference (P100 mg/l are highly suggestive of infection in young foals.
Publication Date: 2001-11-27 PubMed ID: 11720032DOI: 10.2746/042516401776563472Google Scholar: Lookup
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- Journal Article
- Clinical Examination
- Clinical Findings
- Clinical Pathology
- Clinical Study
- Diagnosis
- Diagnostic Technique
- Disease
- Disease Diagnosis
- Equine Health
- Foals
- Horses
- Immune Response
- Immunology
- Infection
- Inflammatory Response
- Retrospective Study
- Serum Amyloid A
- Veterinary Care
- Veterinary Medicine
- Veterinary Practice
- Veterinary Research
Summary
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The research study examines using a latex agglutination assay to understand the normal amount, age variance, and disease response of serum amyloid A (SAA) in newborn horses. This research also explores the potential of this test aiding in diagnosing septicaemia and focal infection in neonatal foals.
Study Design and Participants
- The researchers conducted a retrospective study involving 226 Thoroughbred foals, all considered clinically healthy within their first three days after birth. These participants helped establish a normal range of SAA levels.
- Additionally, the clinical records of 133 other foals who were presented as first or second opinion cases were reviewed. These foals were divided into four categories – septicaemia (S), focal infection (FI), failure of passive transfer (FPT), and noninfectious disease (NI).
Key Findings
- The normal range of SAA was determined per day, with levels found to be significantly highest on the second day after birth. The 95th percentile for the first three days was 27.1 mg/l.
- Statistically significant differences (P<0.0001) were found in SAA concentrations between the control foals (healthy) and those categorized as having septicaemia and focal infection.
- No significant difference was found in SAA levels between controls and groups FPT and NI. When comparing Group NI to Groups S and FI, a statistically significant difference was observed (P<0.0001).
Implications of the Research
- In light of these research findings, the authors suggest that this latex agglutination assay may be of significant use in diagnosing septicaemia and focal infection in newborn foals.
- Results indicate that SAA levels above 100 mg/l are highly suggestive of an infection in young foals. This information could potentially aid veterinary physicians in accurately diagnosing these diseases in neonatal foals, impacting their treatment plans and overall health outcomes.
Cite This Article
APA
Stoneham SJ, Palmer L, Cash R, Rossdale PD.
(2001).
Measurement of serum amyloid A in the neonatal foal using a latex agglutination immunoturbidimetric assay: determination of the normal range, variation with age and response to disease.
Equine Vet J, 33(6), 599-603.
https://doi.org/10.2746/042516401776563472 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Beaufort Cottage Stables, Newmarket, Suffolk, UK.
MeSH Terms
- Age Factors
- Animals
- Animals, Newborn / blood
- Calibration
- Case-Control Studies
- Focal Infection / blood
- Focal Infection / diagnosis
- Focal Infection / veterinary
- Horse Diseases / blood
- Horse Diseases / diagnosis
- Horse Diseases / immunology
- Horses / blood
- Immunity, Maternally-Acquired / physiology
- Latex Fixation Tests / veterinary
- Reference Standards
- Reference Values
- Retrospective Studies
- Sepsis / blood
- Sepsis / diagnosis
- Sepsis / veterinary
- Serum Amyloid A Protein / analysis
Citations
This article has been cited 15 times.- Palmisano M, Javsicas L, McNaughten J, Gamsjäger L, Renaud DL, Gomez DE. Effect of plasma transfusion on serum amyloid A concentration in healthy neonatal foals and foals with failure of transfer of passive immunity.. J Vet Intern Med 2023 Mar;37(2):697-702.
- Hoeberg E, Sånge A, Saegerman C, Bohlin A, Nostell K, Durie I, Husted L, Öhman A, Jacobsen S, Berg L, Laursen SH, van Galen G. Serum amyloid A as a marker to detect sepsis and predict outcome in hospitalized neonatal foals.. J Vet Intern Med 2022 Nov;36(6):2245-2253.
- Ellero N, Lanci A, Baldassarro VA, Alastra G, Mariella J, Cescatti M, Castagnetti C, Giardino L. Study on NGF and VEGF during the Equine Perinatal Period-Part 2: Foals Affected by Neonatal Encephalopathy.. Vet Sci 2022 Aug 26;9(9).
- Ellero N, Lanci A, Baldassarro VA, Alastra G, Mariella J, Cescatti M, Giardino L, Castagnetti C. Study on NGF and VEGF during the Equine Perinatal Period-Part 1: Healthy Foals Born from Normal Pregnancy and Parturition.. Vet Sci 2022 Aug 23;9(9).
- Bazzano M, Bonfili L, Eleuteri AM, Serri E, Scollo C, Yaosen Y, Tesei B, Laus F. Assessment of serum amyloid A concentrations and biochemical profiles in lactating jennies and newborn Ragusano donkey foals around parturition and one month after foaling in Sicily.. Reprod Domest Anim 2022 Mar;57(3):262-268.
- Anderson MJ, Ibrahim AS, Cooper BR, Woolcock AD, Moore GE, Taylor SD. Effects of administration of ascorbic acid and low-dose hydrocortisone after infusion of sublethal doses of lipopolysaccharide to horses.. J Vet Intern Med 2020 Nov;34(6):2710-2718.
- Taylor S. A review of equine sepsis.. Equine Vet Educ 2015 Feb;27(2):99-109.
- Sanmartí J, Armengou L, Viu J, Alguacil E, Civit S, Ríos J, Jose-Cunilleras E. Plasma iron concentrations and systemic inflammatory response syndrome in neonatal foals.. J Vet Intern Med 2020 May;34(3):1325-1331.
- Falomo ME, Del Re B, Rossi M, Giaretta E, Da Dalt L, Gabai G. Relationship between postpartum uterine involution and biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress in clinically healthy mares (Equus caballus).. Heliyon 2020 Apr;6(4):e03691.
- Long A, Nolen-Walston R. Equine Inflammatory Markers in the Twenty-First Century: A Focus on Serum Amyloid A.. Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract 2020 Apr;36(1):147-160.
- Jacobsen S, Vinther AM, Kjelgaard-Hansen M, Nielsen LN. Validation of an equine serum amyloid A assay with an unusually broad working range.. BMC Vet Res 2019 Dec 19;15(1):462.
- Stack JD, Cousty M, Steele E, Handel I, Lechartier A, Vinardell T, David F. Comparison of Serum Amyloid A Measurements in Equine Synovial Fluid With Routine Diagnostic Methods to Detect Synovial Infection in a Clinical Environment.. Front Vet Sci 2019;6:325.
- Witkowska-Piłaszewicz OD, Żmigrodzka M, Winnicka A, Miśkiewicz A, Strzelec K, Cywińska A. Serum amyloid A in equine health and disease.. Equine Vet J 2019 May;51(3):293-298.
- Pihl TH, Scheepers E, Sanz M, Goddard A, Page P, Toft N, Andersen PH, Jacobsen S. Influence of disease process and duration on acute phase proteins in serum and peritoneal fluid of horses with colic.. J Vet Intern Med 2015 Mar-Apr;29(2):651-8.
- Hillström A, Tvedten H, Lilliehöök I. Evaluation of an in-clinic Serum Amyloid A (SAA) assay and assessment of the effects of storage on SAA samples.. Acta Vet Scand 2010 Feb 2;52(1):8.
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