Measurement variability of right atrial and ventricular monophasic action potential and refractory period measurements in the standing non-sedated horse.
Abstract: In human and veterinary medicine, monophasic action potential (MAP) analysis and determination of local refractory periods by contact electrode technique gives valuable information about local cardiac electrophysiological properties. It is used to investigate dysrhythmias and the impact of drugs on the myocardium. Precise measurement of total MAP duration is difficult, therefore the MAP duration is usually determined at a repolarization level of 90% (APD90). Until now, no studies are published about the feasibility of this technique in the standing non-sedated horse. In 6 healthy Warmblood horses, on two different days, an 8F quadripolar contact catheter was passed through a jugular introducer sheath and placed under ultrasound guidance at the level of the intervenous tubercle or right atrial free wall (RA), and in the right ventricular apex (RV) to record the MAP. The MAP amplitude and APD90 were measured at a resting sinus rhythm (heart rate of 30-42 bpm) and at pacing cycle lengths (PCL) of 1000 and 600 ms. The effective refractory period (ERP) was determined at PCL of 1000 and 600 ms. Results: The overall mean (±SD) APD90 (rest), APD90 (1000) and APD90 (600) were 263 ± 39 ms, 262 ± 41 ms, 236 ± 47 ms for the RA and 467 ± 23 ms, 412 ± 38 ms, 322 ± 29 ms for the RV. The mean ERP1000 and ERP600 were 273 ± 24 ms and 256 ± 22 ms for the RA and 386 ± 40 ms and 293 ± 30 ms for the RV. The measurement variability for the amplitude, APD90 and ERP measurements in the RA ranged between 36 and 44, 9-22 and 7-8%, respectively. The measurement variability for the amplitude, APD90 and ERP measurements in the RV ranged between 49 and 66, 6-7 and 10-12%, respectively. Conclusions: RA and RV MAP duration and ERP can be obtained by a contact electrode in standing non-sedated horses. The measurement variability varies with catheter location.
Publication Date: 2018-03-20 PubMed ID: 29558937PubMed Central: PMC5859751DOI: 10.1186/s12917-018-1399-yGoogle Scholar: Lookup
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- Journal Article
- Animal Health
- Animal Science
- Animal Study
- Cardiac Arrhythmias
- Cardiovascular Health
- Clinical Study
- Diagnostic Technique
- Disease Diagnosis
- Equine Diseases
- Equine Health
- Equine Medicine
- Equine Studies
- Heart
- Heart Rate
- Horse Breeds
- Veterinary Medicine
- Veterinary Procedure
- Veterinary Research
- Veterinary Science
- Warmblood Horses
Summary
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This study explores measuring the right atrial and ventricular monophasic action potential and refractory periods in non-sedated horses standing upright, using a contact electrode technique commonly used for investigating cardiac conditions in both human and veterinary medicine.
Overview of the Research
- The research involved six healthy Warmblood horses with tests conducted on two different days.
- The technique involves the use of an 8F quadripolar contact catheter passed through a jugular introducer sheath. This is placed under ultrasound guidance at two key points: the intervenous tubercle or right atrial free wall (RA), and the right ventricular apex (RV).
- The purpose is to record the Monophasic Action Potential (MAP), a measure of the cardiac electrophysiological properties. Precise measurement of the total MAP duration is challenging, so the duration is commonly determined at a repolarization level of 90% (known as APD90).
- The action potential and APD90 were measured at the resting sinus rhythm (with a heart rate of 30-42 bpm) and at pacing cycle lengths (PCL) of 1000 and 600 ms.
- The effective refractory period (ERP) was determined at PCLs of 1000 and 600 ms.
Research Findings
- The results obtained were averages and showed the APD90 for the RA and RV at rest and at the two different PCLs, as well as the mean ERP for RA and RV at two PCLs.
- Results were found to have a certain degree of variability. For example, the measurement variability for the amplitude, APD90, and ERP measurements in the RA ranged between 36 and 44, 9-22, and 7-8%, respectively. In the RV, these measurements varied between 49 and 66, 6-7, and 10-12%, respectively.
Conclusion of the Study
- The study concludes that it is feasible to obtain measurements for RA and RV MAP duration and ERP in standing non-sedated horses using the contact electrode method.
- The variability in measurements, however, is noted to vary based on the location of the catheter.
Cite This Article
APA
De Clercq D, Broux B, Vera L, Decloedt A, van Loon G.
(2018).
Measurement variability of right atrial and ventricular monophasic action potential and refractory period measurements in the standing non-sedated horse.
BMC Vet Res, 14(1), 101.
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-018-1399-y Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Department of Large Animal Internal Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, B-9820, Merelbeke, Belgium. Dominique.DeClercq@UGent.be.
- Department of Large Animal Internal Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, B-9820, Merelbeke, Belgium.
- Department of Large Animal Internal Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, B-9820, Merelbeke, Belgium.
- Department of Large Animal Internal Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, B-9820, Merelbeke, Belgium.
- Department of Large Animal Internal Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, B-9820, Merelbeke, Belgium.
MeSH Terms
- Action Potentials / physiology
- Animals
- Atrial Function / physiology
- Echocardiography / veterinary
- Electrocardiography / veterinary
- Female
- Heart Atria / diagnostic imaging
- Heart Ventricles / diagnostic imaging
- Horses / physiology
- Male
- Refractory Period, Electrophysiological / physiology
- Ventricular Function, Right / physiology
Conflict of Interest Statement
ETHICS APPROVAL AND CONSENT TO PARTICIPATE: The experimental protocol was approved by the Ethical Committee of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and the Faculty of Bioscience Engineering at Ghent University (case number EC 2015/85, date of approval 9th of September, 2015). CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION: Not Applicable. COMPETING INTERESTS: The authors declare that they have no competing interests. PUBLISHER’S NOTE: Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
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