Mechanisms of oxidative injury in equine disease.
Abstract: Oxygen is essential to aerobic life, but it is also associated with the production of highly reactive compounds that can pose danger to physiologic systems when the oxygen concentration is excessive. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are required for normal physiologic processes, but when produced in excess, they can overwhelm endogenous antioxidants, resulting in significant cellular damage and, eventually, cell death. Ischemic events can initiate numerous pathophysiologic mechanisms leading to increased production of ROS, loss of cellular energy production, and lipid peroxidation. Although reperfusion is a necessary step in cellular recovery from ischemia, it can be deleterious by leading to the generation of even more ROS and stimulating the accumulation of neutrophils. Both of these processes may contribute to irreversible cell death and, ultimately, organ failure. This article reviews oxygen metabolism, ischemia, and reperfusion injury and how these processes may occur in equine disorders.
Publication Date: 2012-09-01 PubMed ID: 22935994
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Summary
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This research article investigates the damaging effects of excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced due to ischemic events in horses. The study discusses how reperfusion, despite being beneficial for recovery, could also lead to more ROS production and accumulation of neutrophils, leading to cell death and organ failure.
Oxygen Metabolism and Reactive Oxygen Species
- The researchers explain that oxygen, despite being critical for aerobic life, can create harmful compounds called reactive oxygen species (ROS) when its concentration becomes excessive.
- Under normal circumstances, the body utilizes ROS for various physiological functions. However, if produced in excessive amounts, it can cause a state of oxidative stress, overwhelming the body’s antioxidant defenses.
- This imbalance can lead to significant cellular damage and even cell death if left unchecked.
Role of Ischemic Events
- An ischemic event, which involves a reduction in blood supply to a part of the body, can trigger a series of pathophysiological mechanisms that increase the production of ROS.
- This increase can lead to loss of cellular energy production and lipid peroxidation, further damaging cells.
Impact of Reperfusion
- Reperfusion, the restoration of blood flow to an organ or tissue, appears to have a dual role.
- Although it is crucial for cellular recovery from ischemia, it can also lead to additional generation of ROS.
- Reperfusion can stimulate the accumulation of neutrophils, a type of white blood cell, which further exacerbates oxidative stress.
- These processes might contribute to irreversible cell death, leading to organ failure over time.
Application to Equine Disorders
- This article also delves into how these processes – oxygen metabolism, ischemia, reperfusion injury – could occur in equine disorders.
- Understanding these mechanisms could potentially help in developing therapeutic interventions for diseases in horses that are linked to oxidative stress or reperfusion injury.
Cite This Article
APA
Wong DM, Moore RM, Brockus CW.
(2012).
Mechanisms of oxidative injury in equine disease.
Compend Contin Educ Vet, 34(8), E6.
Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA.
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Horse Diseases / metabolism
- Horses
- Lipid Peroxidation
- Oxidation-Reduction
- Oxidative Stress / physiology
- Reactive Oxygen Species / metabolism
Citations
This article has been cited 4 times.- Martin EM, Messenger KM, Sheats MK, Jones SL. Misoprostol Inhibits Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Pro-inflammatory Cytokine Production by Equine Leukocytes. Front Vet Sci 2017;4:160.
- Martin EM, Till RL, Sheats MK, Jones SL. Misoprostol Inhibits Equine Neutrophil Adhesion, Migration, and Respiratory Burst in an In Vitro Model of Inflammation. Front Vet Sci 2017;4:159.
- Sheats MK, Pescosolido KC, Hefner EM, Sung EJ, Adler KB, Jones SL. Myristoylated Alanine Rich C Kinase Substrate (MARCKS) is essential to β2-integrin dependent responses of equine neutrophils. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2014 Aug 15;160(3-4):167-76.
- Gonzalez LM, Fogle CA, Baker WT, Hughes FE, Law JM, Motsinger-Reif AA, Blikslager AT. Operative factors associated with short-term outcome in horses with large colon volvulus: 47 cases from 2006 to 2013. Equine Vet J 2015 May;47(3):279-84.
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