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Home / Equine Research Bank / Animals (Basel) / Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Veterinary Medicine-Still Untapped...
Animals : an open access journal from MDPI2025; 15(8); 1175; doi: 10.3390/ani15081175

Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Veterinary Medicine-Still Untapped Potential.

Abstract: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) hold significant therapeutic potential in veterinary medicine due to their regenerative and immunomodulatory properties. This review examines the clinical applications of MSCs across multiple animal species, including equine, canine, feline, and bovine medicine. MSC therapies have demonstrated promising outcomes in treating musculoskeletal disorders, osteoarthritis, inflammatory diseases, and tissue injuries, particularly in horses and dogs. In cats, MSCs show potential for managing chronic kidney disease, inflammatory bowel disease, and asthma, while in bovine medicine, they offer alternative treatment approaches for mastitis and orthopedic injuries. Despite these advancements, challenges such as treatment standardization, cell sourcing, and potential adverse effects, including tumorigenicity, remain under investigation. The emerging field of MSC-based veterinary medicine highlights its capacity to enhance healing, reduce inflammation, and improve clinical outcomes. However, further research is necessary to optimize treatment protocols and address safety concerns, ensuring the widespread adoption of MSC therapies in veterinary practice.
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Publication Date: 2025-04-19 PubMed ID: 40282009PubMed Central: PMC12024326DOI: 10.3390/ani15081175Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are being explored in veterinary medicine for their ability to repair tissues and modulate the immune system, showing promise in treating various conditions in animals. This review discusses their applications, benefits, challenges, and future potential across different animal species.

Overview of Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) in Veterinary Medicine

  • MSCs are multipotent stem cells capable of differentiating into various cell types, such as bone, cartilage, and fat cells.
  • They possess regenerative properties, meaning they can aid in the repair of damaged tissues.
  • MSCs also have immunomodulatory effects, allowing them to regulate immune responses and reduce inflammation.
  • These characteristics make MSCs a focus of therapeutic interest in veterinary medicine, aiming to improve recovery and health in animals.

Clinical Applications Across Animal Species

  • Equine Medicine (Horses):
    • Treatment of musculoskeletal disorders such as tendon injuries, ligament damage, and osteoarthritis.
    • Use of MSCs has shown promising results in improving healing and reducing inflammation.
  • Canine Medicine (Dogs):
    • MSC therapy has been applied to treat orthopedic injuries and osteoarthritis.
    • Benefits include enhanced tissue regeneration and pain reduction.
  • Feline Medicine (Cats):
    • MSCs show potential for managing chronic diseases like kidney disease and inflammatory bowel disease.
    • Emerging use in respiratory conditions such as asthma to reduce inflammation and improve symptoms.
  • Bovine Medicine (Cattle):
    • MSCs are being explored as alternative treatments for mastitis, a common and costly infection of the udder.
    • Potential benefits in treating orthopedic injuries to promote faster recovery and reduce downtime.

Challenges and Considerations in MSC Therapy

  • Standardization:
    • Lack of uniform protocols for MSC treatment leads to variability in results.
    • Differences in cell preparation, dosage, and administration methods need to be addressed.
  • Cell Sourcing:
    • Obtaining MSCs can be invasive and inconsistent depending on the source tissue (bone marrow, adipose tissue, etc.).
    • Donor variability affects cell quality and therapeutic potential.
  • Safety Concerns:
    • Potential adverse effects such as tumorigenicity (risk of tumor formation) are still under investigation.
    • Long-term effects of MSC therapy remain unclear, necessitating ongoing monitoring.

Future Directions and Research Needs

  • Continued research is essential to optimize MSC-based treatment protocols tailored to different animal species and conditions.
  • Developing standardized guidelines for MSC preparation, dosing, and delivery will improve reproducibility and efficacy.
  • Safety and long-term monitoring studies will help address concerns regarding adverse effects and ensure responsible use.
  • Advancements in understanding MSC biology could unlock new applications in veterinary regenerative medicine.
  • Greater clinical trials and evidence-based studies are required to support widespread adoption in veterinary practice.

Conclusion

  • Mesenchymal stem cell therapies represent a promising but still emerging area in veterinary medicine with the potential to enhance healing and reduce inflammation across various species.
  • While initial results are encouraging, key challenges related to standardization, sourcing, and safety remain to be addressed.
  • Ongoing research and clinical validation will be pivotal for unlocking the full potential of MSC therapies in animal health care.

Cite This Article

APA
Morawska-Kozłowska M, Pitas M, Zhalniarovich Y. (2025). Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Veterinary Medicine-Still Untapped Potential. Animals (Basel), 15(8), 1175. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani15081175

Publication

Animals : an open access journal from MDPI
ISSN: 2076-2615
NlmUniqueID: 101635614
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 15
Issue: 8
PII: 1175

Researcher Affiliations

Morawska-Kozłowska, Magdalena
  • Department of Surgery and Radiology with Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland.
Pitas, Mateusz
  • Veterinary Polyclinic, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland.
Zhalniarovich, Yauheni
  • Department of Surgery and Radiology with Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland.

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

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Citations

This article has been cited 4 times.
  1. Kim HS, Shin TH. Canine and feline mesenchymal stem cells: an integrative review of direct comparative studies by species and tissue source.. J Vet Sci 2025 Nov;26(6):e78.
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  2. Yasumura Y, Teshima T, Michishita M, Suzuki R, Matsumoto H. A prospective single-arm study on the effects of repeated intravenous infusions of canine adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal cells in dogs with chronic inflammatory enteropathy.. Stem Cell Res Ther 2025 Dec 1;17(1):11.
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  3. Salinas-Varas C, Espinosa G, Muñoz-Caro T, Conejeros I, Gärtner U, Fey K, Arnhold S, Taubert A, Hermosilla C. Equine adipose-derived stem cells modulate in vitro neutrophil extracellular trap release by polymorphonuclear neutrophils.. Front Vet Sci 2025;12:1685757.
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  4. Vikartovska Z, Maloveska M, Nosalova N, Hornakova L, Huniadi M, Hudakova N, Hornak S, Kalinaj B, Kubatka P, Cizkova D. Canine Endometrial Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Characterization and Functional Assessment for Cartilage Repair.. Int J Mol Sci 2025 Aug 21;26(16).
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