Methods and reliability of tissue Doppler imaging for assessment of left ventricular radial wall motion in horses.
Abstract: Noninvasive assessment of left ventricular (LV) function is incompletely studied in horses. Objective: The goals of this study were to investigate the feasibility, techniques, and reliability of tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) for characterization of LV radial wall motion in healthy horses. Methods: Three Standardbreds, 3 Thoroughbreds; age 8-14 years; body weight 517-606 kg. Methods: Repeated echocardiographic examinations were performed by 2 observers in unsedated horses using TDI. Test reliability was determined by estimating measurement variability, within-day interobserver variability, and between-day interobserver and intraobserver variability of all echocardiographic variables. Variability was expressed as coefficient of variation (CV) and the absolute value below which the difference between 2 measurements will lie with 95% probability. Results: Assessment of LV radial wall motion by TDI was feasible in all horses. Measurement variabilities were very low (CV 25%) variability. Pulsed-wave TDI variables appeared more reliable than color TDI variables. Conclusions: Measurement of TDI indices of LV function is feasible and reliable in adult Standardbred and Thoroughbred horses. The clinical relevance of LV function assessment by TDI remains to be determined.
Publication Date: 2009-08-04 PubMed ID: 19645848DOI: 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2009.0287.xGoogle Scholar: Lookup
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- Journal Article
- Adult Horses
- Animal Health
- Cardiovascular Health
- Clinical Findings
- Clinical Study
- Diagnostic Imaging
- Diagnostic Technique
- Echocardiography
- Equine Health
- Heart
- Horses
- Imaging Techniques
- Noninvasive Procedures
- Physiology
- Standardbred Horses
- Thoroughbreds
- Tissue
- Veterinary Medicine
- Veterinary Procedure
- Veterinary Research
Summary
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The research investigates the feasibility, techniques, and reliability of using non-invasive tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) in assessing left ventricular radial wall motion of the heart in horses.
Study Participants
- The study was conducted on six healthy horses, consisting of three Standardbreds and three Thoroughbreds aged between eight to fourteen years. Their weights stood between 517-606 kg.
Methodology
- The researchers conducted repeated echocardiographic examinations on these horses while they were unsedated, utilizing Tissue Doppler Imaging (TDI).
- The study looked into the test’s reliability by examining several forms of variability. These variabilities included measurement variability, within-day interobserver variability, and between-day interobserver and intraobserver variability of all echocardiographic variables.
Results and Conclusion
- Results showed that the TDI method was feasible to be carried out in all horses. Most variables displayed very low to low measurement variabilities. This was shown through the coefficient of variation (CV) which was below 15% for most variables.
- However, the researcher’s observed higher variabilities (CV 16-25%) in the within-day interobserver variability, and between-day interobserver and intraobserver variabilities.
- Pulsed-wave TDI displayed very low to low variability in all variables assessing systolic LV function, indicating its reliability. On the other hand, some variables assessing LV diastolic and Left Atrium (LA) function showed moderate to high (CV > 25%) variability. Thus, it demonstrated that pulsed-wave TDI variables were more reliable than color TDI variables.
- In conclusion, Tissue Doppler Imaging (TDI) appears to be a feasible and reliable method to measure left ventricular radial wall motion functions in both Standardbred and Thoroughbred horses, although further investigation is needed to establish its clinical relevance.
Cite This Article
APA
Schwarzwald CC, Schober KE, Bonagura JD.
(2009).
Methods and reliability of tissue Doppler imaging for assessment of left ventricular radial wall motion in horses.
J Vet Intern Med, 23(3), 643-652.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1939-1676.2009.0287.x Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Equine Department, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland. cschwarzwald@vetclinics.uzh.ch
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Biomechanical Phenomena
- Echocardiography, Doppler / methods
- Echocardiography, Doppler / veterinary
- Female
- Horses / physiology
- Male
- Observer Variation
- Ventricular Function, Left / physiology
Citations
This article has been cited 13 times.- Ghilardi S, Pradelli D, Rizzi R, Polli M, Bagardi M, Santilli RA, Brambilla PG, Bussadori CM. A study of the inter- and intra-operator variability on selected echocardiographic measurements in dogs.. Vet Res Commun 2023 Jun 23;.
- Eberhardt C, Schwarzwald CC. Focused cardiac ultrasound examination in the emergency and critical care horse: Training for non-specialist veterinarians and evaluation of proficiency.. J Vet Intern Med 2022 Jul;36(4):1471-1480.
- Gehlen H, Fisch J, Merle R, Trachsel DS. Preliminary study on the effects of pergolide on left ventricular function in the horses with pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction.. J Vet Sci 2021 Sep;22(5):e64.
- Kim H, Eun LY. Assessment of cardiac function in syncopal children without organic causes.. Clin Exp Pediatr 2021 Nov;64(11):582-587.
- Hsue W, Visser LC. Reproducibility of echocardiographic indices of left atrial size in dogs with subclinical myxomatous mitral valve disease.. J Vet Intern Med 2020 Sep;34(5):1779-1786.
- Leroux AA, Moonen M, Farnir F, Deleuze S, Sandersen C, Amory H. Two-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography in goats: repeatability, variability, and validation of the technique using an exercise test and an experimentally induced acute ischemic cardiomyopathy.. BMC Vet Res 2020 Feb 14;16(1):56.
- Boegli J, Schwarzwald CC, Mitchell KJ. Diagnostic value of noninvasive pulse pressure measurements in Warmblood horses with aortic regurgitation.. J Vet Intern Med 2019 May;33(3):1446-1455.
- Frick L, Schwarzwald CC, Mitchell KJ. The use of heart rate variability analysis to detect arrhythmias in horses undergoing a standard treadmill exercise test.. J Vet Intern Med 2019 Jan;33(1):212-224.
- Gehlen H, Bildheim LM. Speckle-tracking analysis of myocardial deformation in correlation to age in healthy horses.. J Vet Sci 2018 Sep 30;19(5):676-682.
- Koenig TR, Mitchell KJ, Schwarzwald CC. Echocardiographic Assessment of Left Ventricular Function in Healthy Horses and in Horses with Heart Disease Using Pulsed-Wave Tissue Doppler Imaging.. J Vet Intern Med 2017 Mar;31(2):556-567.
- Huesler IM, Mitchell KJ, Schwarzwald CC. Echocardiographic Assessment of Left Atrial Size and Function in Warmblood Horses: Reference Intervals, Allometric Scaling, and Agreement of Different Echocardiographic Variables.. J Vet Intern Med 2016 Jul;30(4):1241-52.
- Flethøj M, Schwarzwald CC, Haugaard MM, Carstensen H, Kanters JK, Olsen LH, Buhl R. Left Ventricular Function After Prolonged Exercise in Equine Endurance Athletes.. J Vet Intern Med 2016 Jul;30(4):1260-9.
- Müller-Edenborn B, Kania G, Osto E, Jakob P, Krasniqi N, Beck-Schimmer B, Blyszczuk P, Eriksson U. Lidocaine Enhances Contractile Function of Ischemic Myocardial Regions in Mouse Model of Sustained Myocardial Ischemia.. PLoS One 2016;11(5):e0154699.
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