Methods in the evaluation of antiparasitic drugs in the horse.
Abstract: The critical test is the primary method used for the efficacy evaluation of drugs against the major internal parasites (bots, ascarids, large strongyles, small strongyles, and pinworms) of the horse. The critical test determines: (1) spectrum of activity, (2) effectiveness of removal, (3) pattern of discharge, and (4) physical condition of each species of these parasites. General characteristics of the major parasitisms of the horse are discussed briefly. Criteria of the critical test also are considered including: (1) number of tests, (2) strain variation and drug resistance, (3) selection of test horses, (4) diagnosis of parasitic species, (5) numbers of parasites, (6) minimal efficacy requirements, and (7) other parasitic species. The controlled test principally is used on a selected basis for the small nematodes in the proximal portion of the digestive tract which cannot be properly evaluated by the critical test, or for other limited objectives. Clinical trials are discussed briefly but are invaluable supplements to the critical and controlled tests in the total assessment of a drug as a new product or for continued effectiveness in clinical use. Experimental procedures used in the conduct of drug evaluations should not be rigidly prescribed but should reflect input by the individual investigatior.
Publication Date: 1977-10-01 PubMed ID: 337859
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- Journal Article
- Review
- Anthelmintic Resistance
- Anthelmintic Treatment
- Clinical Study
- Diagnosis
- Diagnostic Technique
- Disease Diagnosis
- Disease Treatment
- Drug
- Equine Health
- Experimental Methods
- Gasterophilus Species
- Horses
- In Vivo
- Laboratory Methods
- Parasites
- Pharmacokinetics
- Pharmacology
- Strongyles
- Veterinary Medicine
- Veterinary Procedure
- Veterinary Research
Summary
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The research paper discusses methods for evaluating the effectiveness of antiparasitic drugs in horses, specifically looking at the critical test method and its criteria to assess a drug’s functionality against major internal parasites in horses.
Overview of the Critical Test
- The critical test is a chief method employed to assess the efficacy of drugs against major horse parasites like bots, ascarids, strongyles, and pinworms.
- Four major aspects the critical test determines for each species of parasites include the spectrum of activity (range of parasites the drug can target), effectiveness in removing parasites, the pattern of parasite discharge, and the physical condition the parasites are in.
Criteria of the Critical Test
- Several criteria are vital in conducting the critical test that includes the number of tests to be carried out, understanding of strain variation and drug resistance, selection of test horses, diagnosis of parasitic species, parasites’ numbers, minimal effectiveness requirements, and consideration of other parasitic species.
- Detailed understanding of these criteria is imperative for assessing a drug’s effectiveness accurately.
The Controlled Test
- While the critical test is significant in evaluating most major parasites, the controlled test is often used to evaluate small nematodes in the proximal portion of the horse’s digestive tract which the critical test cannot properly evaluate, or for other specified objectives.
Clinical Trials
- Besides critical and controlled tests, clinical trials have a major role in assessing a drug for its use as a new product or its continued effectiveness in clinical use.
- Even though clinical trials are only briefly discussed in this paper, they provide invaluable supplements to the critical and controlled tests in a comprehensive evaluation of the drug’s potency.
Experimental Procedures
- The experimental procedures used in the conduct of drug evaluations must be tailored to individual investigations.
- The paper emphasizes that these procedures should not be prescribed rigidly, but should rather be adaptable, reflecting the inputs provided by the individual investigator.
Cite This Article
APA
Drudge JH, Lyons ET.
(1977).
Methods in the evaluation of antiparasitic drugs in the horse.
Am J Vet Res, 38(10), 1581-1586.
Publication
Researcher Affiliations
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Diptera
- Drug Evaluation / methods
- Drug Evaluation / veterinary
- Horse Diseases / drug therapy
- Horses
- Nematode Infections / drug therapy
- Nematode Infections / veterinary
- Oxyuriasis / drug therapy
- Oxyuriasis / veterinary
- Parasitic Diseases / drug therapy
- Parasitic Diseases, Animal
- Strongyle Infections, Equine / drug therapy
Citations
This article has been cited 8 times.- Burcáková L, Königová A, Kuzmina TA, Austin CJ, Matthews JB, Lightbody KL, Peczak NA, Syrota Y, Várady M. Equine tapeworm (Anoplocephala spp.) infection: evaluation of saliva- and serum-based antibody detection methods and risk factor analysis in Slovak horse populations.. Parasitol Res 2023 Dec;122(12):3037-3052.
- Bellaw JL, Nielsen MK. Meta-analysis of cyathostomin species-specific prevalence and relative abundance in domestic horses from 1975-2020: emphasis on geographical region and specimen collection method.. Parasit Vectors 2020 Oct 12;13(1):509.
- Bredtmann CM, Krücken J, Murugaiyan J, Kuzmina T, von Samson-Himmelstjerna G. Nematode Species Identification-Current Status, Challenges and Future Perspectives for Cyathostomins.. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2017;7:283.
- Lyons ET, Tolliver SC. Further indication of lowered activity of ivermectin on immature small strongyles in the intestinal lumen of horses on a farm in Central Kentucky.. Parasitol Res 2013 Feb;112(2):889-91.
- Kuzmina TA, Tolliver SC, Lyons ET. Three recently recognized species of cyathostomes (Nematoda: Strongylidae) in equids in Kentucky.. Parasitol Res 2011 May;108(5):1179-84.
- Lyons ET, Tolliver SC, Kuzmina TA, Collins SS. Critical tests evaluating efficacy of moxidectin against small strongyles in horses from a herd for which reduced activity had been found in field tests in Central Kentucky.. Parasitol Res 2010 Nov;107(6):1495-8.
- Lyons ET, Tolliver SC, Collins SS. Probable reason why small strongyle EPG counts are returning "early" after ivermectin treatment of horses on a farm in Central Kentucky.. Parasitol Res 2009 Feb;104(3):569-74.
- Lyons E. Population-S benzimidazole- and tetrahydropyrimidine-resistant small strongyles in a pony herd in Kentucky (1977-1999): effects of anthelmintic treatment on the parasites as determined in critical tests.. Parasitol Res 2003 Nov;91(5):407-11.
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