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Tierarztliche Praxis. Ausgabe G, Grosstiere/Nutztiere2024; 52(6); 327-335; doi: 10.1055/a-2450-9531

Microbiological pathogens in fecal samples of foals during the first year of life.

Abstract: The objective of the study was to investigate the age dependent occurrence of different infectious agents in foals with diarrhea. Methods: Fecal samples, which were submitted to a commercial laboratory for a PCR-profile "Foal Diarrhea Pathogens" from 01.01.2021 up to 31.12.2022 (n=144), were examined for Equine Coronavirus (ECoV), , (), toxin-encoding genes , , , and , toxin-encoding genes and , as well as Rotavirus A via PCR. Results: Pathogens could be detected in a high proportion (42.9%) of the samples. Rotavirus A was the most prevalent pathogen in the current study, followed by clostridial species. Especially in foals younger than one month, -producing was detected frequently. In this age group, -producing was as prevalent as Rotavirus A. In comparison, , and ECoV were detected rarely. toxin-encoding genes and were not present in the examined samples. In general, the previously known age dependency of the investigated pathogens could be confirmed. Nevertheless, Rotavirus A and -positive could also be detected outside of the most susceptible age group. Coinfections with the examined pathogens had a low prevalence in the current study. Conclusions: In general, the examined pathogens showed an age dependent occurrence, but infections in foals outside of the common age group could not be ruled out with certainty due to small sample numbers in some of the age groups. Although Rotavirus A was the most prevalent pathogen in this study, -producing is an important differential diagnosis, especially in newborn foals. The diagnostic approach in diarrheic foals should contain a broad spectrum of pathogens. This is not only important to detect coinfections, but also to detect shedders, in order to protect other horses in the stable. ZIEL: Das Studienziel war die Ermittlung der Nachweishäufigkeit verschiedener Infektionserreger bei durchfallerkrankten Fohlen unter Berücksichtigung des Alters. Methods: 144 Kotproben, die vom 01.01.2021 bis 31.12.2022 für das Profil „Durchfallerreger Fohlen“ in ein kommerzielles Labor eingeschickt wurden, wurden mittels PCR auf folgende Infektionserreger untersucht: Equines Coronavirus (ECoV), , (), toxinbildenden Gene , , , und , toxinbildenden Gene und sowie Rotavirus A. Unassigned: In einem großen Anteil der Proben (42,9%) war mindestens einer der untersuchten Erreger nachweisbar. Rotavirus A wurde hierbei, gefolgt von Clostridien, am häufigsten detektiert. Vor allem bei Fohlen im ersten Lebensmonat waren -bildende häufig nachweisbar. In dieser Altersgruppe war die Nachweishäufigkeit von -positiven und Rotavirus A sogar identisch. Im Vergleich dazu spielten , und ECoV eine untergeordnete Rolle. Die toxinbildenden Gene und wurden nicht nachgewiesen. Im Allgemeinen konnte das altersabhängige Auftreten der untersuchten Pathogene bestätigt werden. Allerdings gelang bei Rotavirus A und -bildenden auch ein Nachweis außerhalb der als besonders empfänglich geltenden Altersgruppen. Koinfektionen mit den untersuchten Infektionserregern traten in der vorliegenden Studie selten auf. Unassigned: Generell zeigten die untersuchten Erreger ein altersabhängiges Auftreten. Infektionen bei Fohlen außerhalb der üblichen Altersgruppe können jedoch aufgrund kleiner Probenzahlen in einigen der Altersgruppen nicht mit Sicherheit ausgeschlossen werden. Auch wenn Rotaviren am häufigsten nachgewiesen werden konnten, stellen -bildende , vor allem bei neugeborenen Fohlen, eine wichtige Differentialdiagnose dar. Die diagnostische Aufarbeitung von Fohlendurchfall sollte ein breites Spektrum an Infektionserregern abdecken. Dieses Vorgehen ermöglicht nicht nur eine erfolgreiche Therapie erkrankter Tiere, sondern auch einen effektiven Schutz anderer Pferde im Bestand.
Publication Date: 2024-12-05 PubMed ID: 39638342DOI: 10.1055/a-2450-9531Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Journal Article

Summary

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The research article is about an investigation into the occurrence of various infectious agents in foal fecal samples, focusing on how the prevalence might change with age. The pathogens were found to show an age-dependent occurrence, and Rotavirus A was the most commonly detected infective agent.

Methodology

  • The researchers collected fecal samples from foals suffering from diarrhea. These samples were submitted to a commercial laboratory for a Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) profile test, called “Foal Diarrhea Pathogens”.
  • Between 01.01.2021 and 31.12.2022, a total of 144 fecal samples were examined.
  • The samples were researched for the presence of numerous infectious agents such as Equine Coronavirus (ECoV), several clostridium species, Rotavirus A, and various toxin-encoding genes.

Findings

  • The pathogens were detected in a significant proportion (42.9%) of the fecal samples.
  • Rotavirus A was the most commonly identified pathogen in the samples, followed by the clostridial species. The prevalence of these pathogens was mainly noted in foals younger than one month.
  • Other agents such as ECoV, and other toxin-encoding genes were rarely detected in the samples examined.
  • Two specific toxin-encoding genes were not found in any of the samples.
  • The previously known age dependency of the studied pathogens was confirmed in this research.
  • However, there were instances where Rotavirus A and toxin-producing pathogens were detected outside of the most susceptible age group.
  • Simultaneous infections with the researched pathogens were uncommon in this study.

Conclusions

  • Even though the examined pathogens showed an age-dependent occurrence, the chance of infection in foals outside of the most susceptible age bracket could not be completely dismissed.
  • Rotavirus A was found to be the most prevalent pathogen, but toxin-producing pathogens are also a major differential diagnosis, especially in newborn foals.
  • The study suggests that testing for diarrhea in foals should cover a broad spectrum of pathogens to not only detect simultaneous infections but also identify potential carriers of the pathogen to ensure the protection of other horses in the stable.

Cite This Article

APA
Jung C, Gentil M, Müller E. (2024). Microbiological pathogens in fecal samples of foals during the first year of life. Tierarztl Prax Ausg G Grosstiere Nutztiere, 52(6), 327-335. https://doi.org/10.1055/a-2450-9531

Publication

ISSN: 2567-5834
NlmUniqueID: 9715779
Country: Germany
Language: English
Volume: 52
Issue: 6
Pages: 327-335

Researcher Affiliations

Jung, Clarissa
  • Laboklin GmbH & Co. KG, Bad Kissingen, Germany.
Gentil, Michaela
  • Laboklin GmbH & Co. KG, Bad Kissingen, Germany.
Müller, Elisabeth
  • Laboklin GmbH & Co. KG, Bad Kissingen, Germany.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Horses
  • Feces / microbiology
  • Feces / virology
  • Horse Diseases / microbiology
  • Horse Diseases / virology
  • Diarrhea / veterinary
  • Diarrhea / microbiology
  • Diarrhea / virology
  • Animals, Newborn / virology
  • Polymerase Chain Reaction / veterinary
  • Rotavirus / isolation & purification
  • Rotavirus / genetics

Conflict of Interest Statement

Elisabeth Müller is the CEO of the laboratory Laboklin GmbH & Co. KG (Bad Kissingen, Germany). Clarissa Jung and Michaela Gentil are employees of the laboratory. There are no conflicts of interest to disclose.

Citations

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