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Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins2022; 15(1); 139-148; doi: 10.1007/s12602-022-09918-4

Microbiota, Phagocytic Activity, Biochemical Parameters and Parasite Control in Horses with Application of Autochthonous, Bacteriocin-Producing, Probiotic Strain Enterococcus faecium EF 412.

Abstract: The beneficial influence of bacteriocin-producing, probiotic, mostly non-autochthonous bacteria has already been reported in various animals. However, their use in horses provides limited information, and results with autochthonous bacteria have not been reported. Therefore, the main objective of this model study was to test the effect of autochthonous, bacteriocin-producing faecal strain Enterococcus faecium EF 412 application in horses. One gram of freeze-dried EF 412 strain (10 CFU/mL for 21 days) was applied to horses in a small feed ball. Clinically healthy horses (12), Slovak warm-blood breed of various ages (5-13 years), were involved in a 35-day-long experiment, also functioning as control for themselves. They were stabled in separate boxes (university property), fed twice a day (hay, whole oats or grazed) with water access ad libitum. Sampling was performed at the start of the experiment, i.e. at days 0/1, 21 (3 weeks of EF 412 application) and at day 35 (2 weeks of EF 412 cessation). EF 412 colonized GIT of horses was 3.54 ± 0.75 CFU/g (log 10) at day 21. The eggs of the nematode Strongylus spp. were not found in horses after EF 412 application, and Eimeria spp. oocysts were similarly not found. The other microbiota were not reduced as evaluated by the use of standard method. Using next-generation sequencing, at phylum level, phyla Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes dominated and at family level, they were Bacteroidales BS11 and S24-7 gut goups and Lentisphaerae. In horses, the increasing tendency in phagocytic activity was noted after EF 412 application. Biochemical parameters were in the physiological range. Total protein value was significantly decreased at day 21 compared with day 0/1 as well as with day 35 (P < 0.05). Cholesterol and triglycerides were influenced (decreased) at day 21 compared with day 0/1 and day 35. Neither nematode eggs Strongylus spp. nor Eimeria spp. oocysts were found in faeces after EF 412 application. Autochthonous, faecal strain E. faecium EF 412 showed promising application potential.
© 2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.
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Publication Date: 2022-02-04 PubMed ID: 35119612DOI: 10.1007/s12602-022-09918-4Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

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The research focuses on examining the impact of an autochthonous probiotic strain, Enterococcus faecium EF 412, in horses. The study analyzes its effects on horse microbiotas, phagocytic activity, biochemical parameters, and parasite control.

Study Setup

  • Through the testing of an autochthonous (originating where it’s found), bacteriocin-producing faecal strain known as Enterococcus faecium EF 412, the study aims to fill an existing knowledge gap around the use of such strains in horses.
  • The study was carried out on 12 clinically healthy Slovak warm-blood breed horses of varying ages (5-13 years). These horses were both the test and control subjects.
  • Horses received the EF 412 strain in a small feed ball, consisting of 1 gram of freeze-dried EF 412 (10 CFU/mL for 21 days).
  • Sampling from the horses was done at three points: At the beginning of the experiment (day 0/1), after three weeks of EF 412 application (day 21), and two weeks after the cessation of the EF 412 application (day 35).

Key Findings

  • After 21 days, the EF 412 successfully colonized the GIT (gastrointestinal tract) of horses, with the presence reading at 3.54 ± 0.75 CFU/g (log 10).
  • The researchers didn’t find any Strongylus spp. nematode eggs or Eimeria spp. oocysts after application of EF 412, which indicates good parasite control.
  • No significant reduction was found in other microbiota of the horses, suggesting that EF 412 didn’t negatively affect the beneficial gut bacteria.
  • Using next-generation sequencing, researchers discovered that Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes phyla dominated at the phylum level and Bacteroidales BS11, S24-7 gut goups and Lentisphaerae at the family level.
  • Phagocytic activity in horses (the process by which cells engulf harmful particles) showed an increasing tendency post EF 412 application, indicating an improved immune response.
  • Even with EF 412 application, biochemical parameters stayed within the physiological range. However, total protein level decreased significantly at day 21 compared to day 0/1 and day 35.
  • Levels of cholesterol and triglycerides also decreased at day 21, implying a possible positive impact of EF 412 on metabolic health.

Conclusion

  • The application of an autochthonous, faecal strain – E. faecium EF 412 – showed promising potential in improving parasite control and immune response in horses, and maintaining beneficial gut bacteria while potentially benefiting metabolic health.

Cite This Article

APA
Lauková A, Micenková L, Kubašová I, Bino E, Kandričáková A, Plachá I, Štrkolcová G, Gálik B, Kováčik A, Halo M, Simonová MP. (2022). Microbiota, Phagocytic Activity, Biochemical Parameters and Parasite Control in Horses with Application of Autochthonous, Bacteriocin-Producing, Probiotic Strain Enterococcus faecium EF 412. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins, 15(1), 139-148. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12602-022-09918-4

Publication

Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins
ISSN: 1867-1314
NlmUniqueID: 101484100
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 15
Issue: 1
Pages: 139-148

Researcher Affiliations

Lauková, Andrea
  • Centre of Biosciences of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, v.v.i. Institute of Animal Physiology, Šoltésovej 4-6, 040 01, Košice, Slovakia. laukova@saske.sk.
Micenková, Lenka
  • Faculty of Science, RECETOX, Masaryk University, Kotlárska 2, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic.
Kubašová, Ivana
  • Centre of Biosciences of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, v.v.i. Institute of Animal Physiology, Šoltésovej 4-6, 040 01, Košice, Slovakia.
Bino, Eva
  • Centre of Biosciences of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, v.v.i. Institute of Animal Physiology, Šoltésovej 4-6, 040 01, Košice, Slovakia.
Kandričáková, Anna
  • Centre of Biosciences of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, v.v.i. Institute of Animal Physiology, Šoltésovej 4-6, 040 01, Košice, Slovakia.
Plachá, Iveta
  • Centre of Biosciences of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, v.v.i. Institute of Animal Physiology, Šoltésovej 4-6, 040 01, Košice, Slovakia.
Štrkolcová, Gabriela
  • University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Komenského 73, 041 83, Košice, Slovakia.
Gálik, Branislav
  • Faculty of Agrobiology and Food Sources, Slovak Agricultural University, Tr. A. Hlinku, 949 76, Nitra, Slovakia.
Kováčik, Anton
  • Faculty of Agrobiology and Food Sources, Slovak Agricultural University, Tr. A. Hlinku, 949 76, Nitra, Slovakia.
Halo, Marko
  • Faculty of Agrobiology and Food Sources, Slovak Agricultural University, Tr. A. Hlinku, 949 76, Nitra, Slovakia.
Simonová, Monika Pogány
  • Centre of Biosciences of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, v.v.i. Institute of Animal Physiology, Šoltésovej 4-6, 040 01, Košice, Slovakia.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Horses
  • Bacteriocins / metabolism
  • Enterococcus faecium / metabolism
  • Probiotics / metabolism
  • Feces / microbiology
  • Microbiota
  • Communicable Disease Control

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