Minimally invasive removal of obstructive ureteral stones by intracorporeal lithotripsy in horses: 3 patients.
Abstract: Three client-owned horses diagnosed with obstructive ureteral stones were referred and treated in a minimally invasive manner by retrograde ureteroscopy in conjunction with electrohydraulic lithotripsy (EHL) or laser Holmium:YAG lithotripsy (HYL). For all 3 horses, additional tests revealed variable degrees of azotemia and ureteral obstruction. Ultrasound examination (2 horses) revealed a loss of cortico-medullary distinction consistent with a chronic nephropathy. Ultrasound-guided biopsy of the right kidney in 1 horse revealed moderate glomerulosclerosis and lymphoplasmacytic nephritis. A standing anesthesia with a coccygeal epidural was done for each horse. A perineal urethrotomy was performed in 2 horses before the urethrocystoscopy. One horse was treated with Holmium:YAG laser lithotripsy and 2 others were treated using a electrohydraulic lithotripsy probe. Each procedure was successful. The ureteroscopy was successfully performed and visualization was excellent. Fragmentation of stones seemed easier with the electrohydraulic lithotripsy probe. No complications, pain, or signs of discomfort after the procedure were noticed. All 3 horses were discharged from the hospital. Key clinical message: Obstructive ureteral stones in horses can be successfully treated in a minimally invasive manner by retrograde ureteroscopy accompanied by lithotripsy. This technique is safe, not painful and did not require general anesthesia. Electrohydraulic lithotripsy appeared superior for stone fragmentation. Exérèse minimalement invasive de calculs urétéraux obstructifs par lithotritie intracorporelle chez le cheval : trois patients. Trois chevaux appartenant à des clients diagnostiqués avec des calculs urétéraux obstructifs ont été référés et traités de manière peu invasive par urétéroscopie rétrograde en conjonction avec une lithotripsie électrohydraulique (EHL) ou une lithotripsie au laser Holmium:YAG (HYL). Pour les trois chevaux, des tests supplémentaires ont révélé des degrés variables d’azotémie et d’obstruction urétérale. L’échographie (deux chevaux) a révélé une perte de distinction cortico-médullaire compatible avec une néphropathie chronique. La biopsie échoguidée du rein droit chez un cheval a révélé une glomérulosclérose modérée et une néphrite lymphoplasmocytaire. Une anesthésie debout avec une péridurale coccygienne était effectuée pour chaque cheval. Une urétrotomie périnéale a été réalisée chez deux chevaux avant l’urétrocystoscopie. Un cheval a été traité par lithotripsie au laser Holmium:YAG et deux autres ont été traités à l’aide d’une sonde de lithotripsie électrohydraulique. Chaque procédure a réussi. L’urétéroscopie a été réalisée avec succès et la visualisation était excellente. La fragmentation des calculs semblait plus facile avec la sonde de lithotripsie électrohydraulique. Aucune complication, douleur ou signe d’inconfort après la procédure n’a été remarqué. Les trois chevaux ont obtenu leur congé de l’hôpital.Message clinique clé :Les calculs urétéraux obstructifs chez les chevaux peuvent être traités avec succès de manière peu invasive par urétéroscopie rétrograde accompagnée de lithotripsie. Cette technique est sûre, non douloureuse et ne nécessite pas d’anesthésie générale. La lithotritie électrohydraulique est apparue supérieure pour la fragmentation des calculs.(Traduit par Dr Serge Messier).
Copyright and/or publishing rights held by the Canadian Veterinary Medical Association.
Publication Date: 2023-01-04 PubMed ID: 36593938PubMed Central: PMC9754145
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Summary
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This research paper presents a case study of three horses successfully treated for obstructive ureteral stones using a minimally invasive technique of retrograde ureteroscopy combined with lithotripsy, proving it to be a safe, painless method that doesn’t require general anesthesia.
Research Background and Patients’ Diagnosis
- The researchers conducted a study on three horses owned by clients diagnosed with obstructive ureteral stones.
- Additional tests carried out revealed variable degrees of azotemia and ureteral obstruction.
- In two of the horses, ultrasound examination indicated a chronic nephropathy, showing loss of distinction between the cortex and medulla of the kidneys.
- One of the horses underwent an ultrasound-guided biopsy of the right kidney, which revealed moderate glomerulosclerosis and lymphoplasmacytic nephritis.
Surgical Procedure
- The horses were anesthetized while standing using a coccygeal epidural, avoiding the need for general anesthesia.
- Two of the horses underwent a perineal urethrotomy prior to the urethrocystoscopy, a procedure that allows for the inspection and treatment of the lower urinary tract.
- One horse was treated using a Holmium:YAG laser lithotripsy method, and the other two were treated with an electrohydraulic lithotripsy probe.
- All of the surgical procedures were successful, with excellent visibility during ureteroscopy and easier fragmentation of stones with the electrohydraulic lithotripsy probe.
Post-surgical Findings and Key Message
- There were no complications, pain, or signs of discomfort observed in any of the horses post procedure.
- All three horses were subsequently discharged from the hospital.
- The key clinical takeaway is that obstructive ureteral stones in horses can be effectively treated in a minimally invasive manner using retrograde ureteroscopy combined with lithotripsy.
- This method proved safe and painless and didn’t call for general anesthesia.
- From the comparative analysis of the methods used, electrohydraulic lithotripsy appeared to be superior for stone fragmentation.
Cite This Article
APA
Ternisien T, Dunn M, Vachon C, Manguin E, Bonilla AG, Jean D.
(2023).
Minimally invasive removal of obstructive ureteral stones by intracorporeal lithotripsy in horses: 3 patients.
Can Vet J, 64(1), 25-30.
Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- CHUV (Ternisien, Vachon, Manguin), Département des sciences cliniques (Dunn, Bonilla, Jean) Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Québec, Canada.
- CHUV (Ternisien, Vachon, Manguin), Département des sciences cliniques (Dunn, Bonilla, Jean) Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Québec, Canada.
- CHUV (Ternisien, Vachon, Manguin), Département des sciences cliniques (Dunn, Bonilla, Jean) Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Québec, Canada.
- CHUV (Ternisien, Vachon, Manguin), Département des sciences cliniques (Dunn, Bonilla, Jean) Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Québec, Canada.
- CHUV (Ternisien, Vachon, Manguin), Département des sciences cliniques (Dunn, Bonilla, Jean) Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Québec, Canada.
- CHUV (Ternisien, Vachon, Manguin), Département des sciences cliniques (Dunn, Bonilla, Jean) Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Québec, Canada.
MeSH Terms
- Horses
- Animals
- Lithotripsy, Laser / veterinary
- Holmium
- Lithotripsy / veterinary
- Ureteral Calculi / surgery
- Ureteral Calculi / veterinary
- Ureteroscopy / veterinary
- Ureteroscopy / methods
- Treatment Outcome
- Horse Diseases / surgery
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