FREE SHIPPING over $40
OVER 10000 FIVE-STAR REVIEWS
5% OFF ALL SUBSCRIPTIONS
100% HAPPINESS GUARANTEE
Analyze Diet
0
Journal of molecular evolution1995; 41(2); 180-188; doi: 10.1007/BF00170671

Mitochondrial DNA sequences of various species of the genus Equus with special reference to the phylogenetic relationship between Przewalskii’s wild horse and domestic horse.

Abstract: The noncoding region between tRNAPro and the large conserved sequence block is the most variable region in the mammalian mitochondrial DNA D-loop region. This variable region (ca. 270 bp) of four species of Equus, including Mongolian and Japanese native domestic horses as well as Przewalskii's (or Mongolian) wild horse, were sequenced. These data were compared with our recently published Thoroughbred horse mitochondrial DNA sequences. The evolutionary rate of this region among the four species of Equus was estimated to be 2-4 x 10(-8) per site per year. Phylogenetic trees of Equus species demonstrate that Przewalskii's wild horse is within the genetic variation among the domestic horse. This suggests that the chromosome number change (probably increase) of the Przewalskii's wild horse occurred rather recently.
Get Full Text
Publication Date: 1995-08-01 PubMed ID: 7666447DOI: 10.1007/BF00170671Google Scholar: Lookup
The Equine Research Bank provides access to a large database of publicly available scientific literature. Inclusion in the Research Bank does not imply endorsement of study methods or findings by Mad Barn.
LinkedInCopy
  • Journal Article
  • Research Support
  • Non-U.S. Gov't

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This study examines the DNA sequences from various species, particularly the wild and domestic horses. It reveals that Przewalskii’s wild horse shares genetic variation with the domestic horse, suggesting a recent change in the wild horse’s chromosome number.

Introduction and DNA Selection

  • The science team focused on a region of DNA known as the noncoding area, which lies between tRNAPro and a large conserved sequence block. This noncoding region doesn’t code for specific proteins, but it plays a vital role in controlling genes and influencing how they behave.
  • This specific noncoding region, approximately 270 base pairs long, is the most variable within the mammalian mitochondrial DNA D-loop region. This means it fluctuates more than other regions, making it perfect for studying genetic variation and evolution.
  • The species selected for this study were various species from the Equus genus, including both Mongolian and Japanese native domestic horses, and Przewalskii’s wild horse.

Sequence Analysis and Comparisons

  • The team sequenced this region from the selected horse species and compared the obtained data with previously analyzed DNA sequences from Thoroughbred horses.
  • They used this information to estimate the rate of evolutionary changes in this specific region among the four horse species sampled. The calculated rate was between 2-4 x 10(-8) changes per genomic site per year.

Phylogenetics and Interpretation

  • Phylogenetic trees were constructed with these data, providing a visual map of the genetic relationships between the species within the Equus genus. It helped track and map the evolution of these species based on their genetic relationship.
  • Interestingly, it was found that Przewalskii’s wild horse was within the genetic variation spectrum of the domestic horse. Essentially, the wild and domestic horses were found to be much more closely related than initially assumed.
  • This finding suggests that the change in the chromosome number in Przewalskii’s wild horse (likely increasing) is a relatively recent evolutionary event. The proposed change in chromosome number is another genetic factor besides genetic sequences that influences evolutionary divergence and adaptation.

Cite This Article

APA
Ishida N, Oyunsuren T, Mashima S, Mukoyama H, Saitou N. (1995). Mitochondrial DNA sequences of various species of the genus Equus with special reference to the phylogenetic relationship between Przewalskii’s wild horse and domestic horse. J Mol Evol, 41(2), 180-188. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00170671

Publication

Journal of molecular evolution
ISSN: 0022-2844
NlmUniqueID: 0360051
Country: Germany
Language: English
Volume: 41
Issue: 2
Pages: 180-188

Researcher Affiliations

Ishida, N
  • Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Japan Racing Association, Tokyo.
Oyunsuren, T
    Mashima, S
      Mukoyama, H
        Saitou, N

          MeSH Terms

          • Animals
          • Base Sequence
          • Biological Evolution
          • Chromosomes
          • Conserved Sequence / genetics
          • DNA, Mitochondrial / genetics
          • Genetic Variation / genetics
          • Horses / genetics
          • Molecular Sequence Data
          • Phylogeny
          • RNA, Transfer, Pro / genetics
          • Sequence Alignment
          • Sequence Analysis, DNA

          References

          This article includes 26 references
          1. Science. 1965 Apr 16;148(3668):382-3
            pubmed: 14261533
          2. Mol Biol Evol. 1987 Jul;4(4):406-25
            pubmed: 3447015
          3. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1974 Nov 29;241(0):61-9
            pubmed: 4530685
          4. Genetics. 1983 Sep;105(1):207-17
            pubmed: 6311668
          5. Mol Biol Evol. 1993 May;10(3):512-26
            pubmed: 8336541
          6. Virology. 1993 Oct;196(2):506-13
            pubmed: 8372432
          7. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1977 Sep;74(9):3942-6
            pubmed: 269445
          8. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1985 Jan;82(2):351-5
            pubmed: 2982153
          9. J Mol Biol. 1982 Apr 25;156(4):683-717
            pubmed: 7120390
          10. Comp Biochem Physiol B. 1979;63(2):175-8
            pubmed: 400961
          11. Anim Genet. 1994 Aug;25(4):215-21
            pubmed: 7985837
          12. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1979 Oct;76(10):5269-73
            pubmed: 291943
          13. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1977 Dec;74(12):5463-7
            pubmed: 271968
          14. Science. 1991 Sep 27;253(5027):1503-7
            pubmed: 1840702
          15. Cytogenet Cell Genet. 1978;20(1-6):332-50
            pubmed: 648186
          16. Mol Biol Evol. 1988 Jan;5(1):63-78
            pubmed: 2833677
          17. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1979 Apr;76(4):1967-71
            pubmed: 109836
          18. J Mol Evol. 1980 Dec;16(2):111-20
            pubmed: 7463489
          19. Mol Biol Evol. 1994 May;11(3):504-12
            pubmed: 8015443
          20. Nucleic Acids Res. 1981 Oct 24;9(20):5411-21
            pubmed: 7301592
          21. Comp Biochem Physiol B. 1979;62(4):305-8
            pubmed: 318448
          22. Genetics. 1983 Feb;103(2):287-312
            pubmed: 6299878
          23. J Mol Evol. 1987;25(4):283-7
            pubmed: 2822938
          24. Comput Appl Biosci. 1992 Apr;8(2):189-91
            pubmed: 1591615
          25. Genetics. 1984 Mar;106(3):479-99
            pubmed: 6323246
          26. Mol Biol Evol. 1986 Nov;3(6):535-46
            pubmed: 2832696

          Citations

          This article has been cited 20 times.
          1. Crisà A, Cardinali I, Giontella A, Silvestrelli M, Lancioni H, Buttazzoni L. A Genetic Make Up of Italian Lipizzan Horse Through Uniparental Markers to Preserve Historical Pedigrees. Biology (Basel) 2024 Dec 23;13(12).
            doi: 10.3390/biology13121087pubmed: 39765754google scholar: lookup
          2. Sheikh A. Mitochondrial DNA sequencing of Kehilan and Hamdani horses from Saudi Arabia. Saudi J Biol Sci 2023 Sep;30(9):103741.
            doi: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2023.103741pubmed: 37575470google scholar: lookup
          3. Xia J, Chang L, Xu D, Jia Y, Ding Y, Cao C, Geng Z, Jin S. Next-Generation Sequencing of the Complete Huaibei Grey Donkey Mitogenome and Mitogenomic Phylogeny of the Equidae Family. Animals (Basel) 2023 Feb 2;13(3).
            doi: 10.3390/ani13030531pubmed: 36766420google scholar: lookup
          4. Turghan MA, Jiang Z, Niu Z. An Update on Status and Conservation of the Przewalski's Horse (Equus ferus przewalskii): Captive Breeding and Reintroduction Projects. Animals (Basel) 2022 Nov 15;12(22).
            doi: 10.3390/ani12223158pubmed: 36428386google scholar: lookup
          5. Cirilli O, Machado H, Arroyo-Cabrales J, Barrón-Ortiz CI, Davis E, Jass CN, Jukar AM, Landry Z, Marín-Leyva AH, Pandolfi L, Pushkina D, Rook L, Saarinen J, Scott E, Semprebon G, Strani F, Villavicencio NA, Kaya F, Bernor RL. Evolution of the Family Equidae, Subfamily Equinae, in North, Central and South America, Eurasia and Africa during the Plio-Pleistocene. Biology (Basel) 2022 Aug 24;11(9).
            doi: 10.3390/biology11091258pubmed: 36138737google scholar: lookup
          6. Hong JH, Oh CS, Kim S, Kang IU, Shin DH. Genetic analysis of mitochondrial DNA from ancient Equus caballus bones found at archaeological site of Joseon dynasty period capital area. Anim Biosci 2022 Aug;35(8):1141-1150.
            doi: 10.5713/ab.21.0500pubmed: 35240033google scholar: lookup
          7. Yoon SH, Lee W, Ahn H, Caetano-Anolles K, Park KD, Kim H. Origin and spread of Thoroughbred racehorses inferred from complete mitochondrial genome sequences: Phylogenomic and Bayesian coalescent perspectives. PLoS One 2018;13(9):e0203917.
            doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0203917pubmed: 30216366google scholar: lookup
          8. Hudson W. Whole-loop mitochondrial DNA D-loop sequence variability in Egyptian Arabian equine matrilines. PLoS One 2017;12(8):e0184309.
            doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0184309pubmed: 28859174google scholar: lookup
          9. Der Sarkissian C, Ermini L, Schubert M, Yang MA, Librado P, Fumagalli M, Jónsson H, Bar-Gal GK, Albrechtsen A, Vieira FG, Petersen B, Ginolhac A, Seguin-Orlando A, Magnussen K, Fages A, Gamba C, Lorente-Galdos B, Polani S, Steiner C, Neuditschko M, Jagannathan V, Feh C, Greenblatt CL, Ludwig A, Abramson NI, Zimmermann W, Schafberg R, Tikhonov A, Sicheritz-Ponten T, Willerslev E, Marques-Bonet T, Ryder OA, McCue M, Rieder S, Leeb T, Slatkin M, Orlando L. Evolutionary Genomics and Conservation of the Endangered Przewalski's Horse. Curr Biol 2015 Oct 5;25(19):2577-83.
            doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2015.08.032pubmed: 26412128google scholar: lookup
          10. Han H, Zhang Q, Gao K, Yue X, Zhang T, Dang R, Lan X, Chen H, Lei C. Y-Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms Diversity in Chinese Indigenous Horse. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 2015 Aug;28(8):1066-74.
            doi: 10.5713/ajas.14.0784pubmed: 26104513google scholar: lookup
          11. Zhang T, Lu H, Chen C, Jiang H, Wu S. Genetic Diversity of mtDNA D-loop and Maternal Origin of Three Chinese Native Horse Breeds. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 2012 Jul;25(7):921-6.
            doi: 10.5713/ajas.2011.11483pubmed: 25049645google scholar: lookup
          12. Brandariz-Fontes C, Leonard JA, Vega-Pla JL, Backström N, Lindgren G, Lippold S, Rico C. Y-chromosome analysis in Retuertas horses. PLoS One 2013;8(5):e64985.
            doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0064985pubmed: 23741439google scholar: lookup
          13. Lippold S, Matzke NJ, Reissmann M, Hofreiter M. Whole mitochondrial genome sequencing of domestic horses reveals incorporation of extensive wild horse diversity during domestication. BMC Evol Biol 2011 Nov 14;11:328.
            doi: 10.1186/1471-2148-11-328pubmed: 22082251google scholar: lookup
          14. Lippold S, Knapp M, Kuznetsova T, Leonard JA, Benecke N, Ludwig A, Rasmussen M, Cooper A, Weinstock J, Willerslev E, Shapiro B, Hofreiter M. Discovery of lost diversity of paternal horse lineages using ancient DNA. Nat Commun 2011 Aug 23;2:450.
            doi: 10.1038/ncomms1447pubmed: 21863017google scholar: lookup
          15. Goto H, Ryder OA, Fisher AR, Schultz B, Kosakovsky Pond SL, Nekrutenko A, Makova KD. A massively parallel sequencing approach uncovers ancient origins and high genetic variability of endangered Przewalski's horses. Genome Biol Evol 2011;3:1096-106.
            doi: 10.1093/gbe/evr067pubmed: 21803766google scholar: lookup
          16. Orlando L, Eisenmann V, Reynier F, Sondaar P, Hänni C. Morphological convergence in Hippidion and Equus (Amerhippus) South American equids elucidated by ancient DNA analysis. J Mol Evol 2003;57 Suppl 1:S29-40.
            doi: 10.1007/s00239-003-0005-4pubmed: 15008401google scholar: lookup
          17. Jansen T, Forster P, Levine MA, Oelke H, Hurles M, Renfrew C, Weber J, Olek K. Mitochondrial DNA and the origins of the domestic horse. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2002 Aug 6;99(16):10905-10.
            doi: 10.1073/pnas.152330099pubmed: 12130666google scholar: lookup
          18. Hedrick PW, Parker KM, Miller EL, Miller PS. Major histocompatibility complex variation in the endangered Przewalski's horse. Genetics 1999 Aug;152(4):1701-10.
            doi: 10.1093/genetics/152.4.1701pubmed: 10430594google scholar: lookup
          19. Raudsepp T, Chowdhary BP. Construction of chromosome-specific paints for meta- and submetacentric autosomes and the sex chromosomes in the horse and their use to detect homologous chromosomal segments in the donkey. Chromosome Res 1999;7(2):103-14.
            doi: 10.1023/a:1009234814635pubmed: 10328622google scholar: lookup
          20. Slade RW, Moritz C, Hoelzel AR, Burton HR. Molecular population genetics of the southern elephant seal Mirounga leonina. Genetics 1998 Aug;149(4):1945-57.
            doi: 10.1093/genetics/149.4.1945pubmed: 9691049google scholar: lookup
          Subscribe to our newsletter
          Join 99,727 horse owners like you who receive our email updates on horse health and nutrition.