FREE SHIPPING over $40
OVER 9000 FIVE-STAR REVIEWS
5% OFF ALL SUBSCRIPTIONS
100% HAPPINESS GUARANTEE
Analyze Diet
0
Home / Equine Research Bank / Saudi J Biol Sci / Mitochondrial DNA sequencing of Kehilan and Hamdani horses f...
Saudi journal of biological sciences2023; 30(9); 103741; doi: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2023.103741

Mitochondrial DNA sequencing of Kehilan and Hamdani horses from Saudi Arabia.

Abstract: The Arabian horse breed is well known for its purity and played a key role in the genetic improvement of other horses worldwide. The mitochondrial genome plays a vital role in maternal inheritance and it's helpful to evaluate its genetic diversity and conservation. It has higher mutation rates than nuclear DNA in vertebrates and therefore reveals phylogenetic relationships and haplotypes. In this study, the mitochondrial genome mutations in two Saudi horse strains, Kehilan and Hamdani demonstrated various changes in the gene and amino acid levels and included two other Saudi horses (Hadban and Seglawi) from the previous study for phylogenetic comparison. The whole mitochondrial genome sequencing resulted in intra and inter mtDNA variations between the studied horses. Interestingly, the Hamdani horse has nucleotide substitutions similar to those of the Hadban horse, which is reflected in the phylogenetic tree as a significantly close relationship. This type of study provides a better understanding of mitogenome structure and conservation of livestock species genetic data.
© 2023 The Author(s).
Get Full Text
Publication Date: 2023-07-20 PubMed ID: 37575470PubMed Central: PMC10413190DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2023.103741Google Scholar: Lookup
The Equine Research Bank provides access to a large database of publicly available scientific literature. Inclusion in the Research Bank does not imply endorsement of study methods or findings by Mad Barn.
LinkedInCopy
  • Journal Article

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research article focuses on sequencing the mitochondrial DNA of Arabian horse strains, Kehilan and Hamdani, to evaluate its genetic diversity and conservation.

Objective of the Study

  • The main goal of the research was to study mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) mutations in two Arabian horse strains, Kehilan and Hamdani, to evaluate their genetic diversity and conservation.
  • The mitochondrial genome is particularly important to understanding maternal inheritance as it possesses higher mutation rates than nuclear DNA in vertebrates, therefore elucidating phylogenetic relationships and haplotypes.
  • The study integrates findings from two other Saudi horse strains, Hadban and Seglawi, to provide a phylogenetic comparison.

Findings of the Study

  • The whole mitochondrial genome sequencing provided both intra (within species) and inter (between species) mtDNA variations among the Arabian horses studied.
  • Significant variations were found at gene and amino acid levels, giving a comprehensive view of the genetic diversity within the studied equine species.
  • It was observed that the Hamdani horse strain had nucleotide substitutions similar to those of the Hadban horse, showing an interestingly close phylogenetic relationship.

Significance of the Study

  • This research not only provides an in-depth understanding of the mitogenome structures of the studied horse strains but also contributes to the genetic data available for livestock species.
  • The findings can be of great importance for conservation practices and in preserving the genetic purity and diversity of Arabian horses.

Cite This Article

APA
Sheikh A. (2023). Mitochondrial DNA sequencing of Kehilan and Hamdani horses from Saudi Arabia. Saudi J Biol Sci, 30(9), 103741. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sjbs.2023.103741

Publication

Saudi journal of biological sciences
ISSN: 1319-562X
NlmUniqueID: 101543796
Country: Saudi Arabia
Language: English
Volume: 30
Issue: 9
Pages: 103741
PII: 103741

Researcher Affiliations

Sheikh, Abdullah
  • Camel Research Center, King Faisal University, P.O. Box 400, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia.

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

References

This article includes 58 references
  1. Aberle KS, Hamann H, Drögemüller C, Distl O. Phylogenetic relationships of German heavy draught horse breeds inferred from mitochondrial DNA D-loop variation.. J Anim Breed Genet 2007 Apr;124(2):94-100.
    doi: 10.1111/j.1439-0388.2007.00636.xpubmed: 17488360google scholar: lookup
  2. Achilli A, Olivieri A, Soares P, Lancioni H, Hooshiar Kashani B, Perego UA, Nergadze SG, Carossa V, Santagostino M, Capomaccio S, Felicetti M, Al-Achkar W, Penedo MC, Verini-Supplizi A, Houshmand M, Woodward SR, Semino O, Silvestrelli M, Giulotto E, Pereira L, Bandelt HJ, Torroni A. Mitochondrial genomes from modern horses reveal the major haplogroups that underwent domestication.. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2012 Feb 14;109(7):2449-54.
    pmc: PMC3289334pubmed: 22308342doi: 10.1073/pnas.1111637109google scholar: lookup
  3. Almarzook S, Reissmann M, Brockmann GA. Diversity of mitochondrial DNA in three Arabian horse strains.. J Appl Genet 2017 May;58(2):273-276.
    doi: 10.1007/s13353-016-0384-zpubmed: 27966062google scholar: lookup
  4. Oakenfull EA, Lim HN, Ryder OA. A survey of equid mitochondrial DNA: Implications for the evolution, genetic diversity and conservation of Equus. Conserv. Genet. 2000;1.
    doi: 10.1023/a:1011559200897google scholar: lookup
  5. Anthony DW, Pita Kelekna. The Horse in Human History. J Anthropol Res 2010;66.
    doi: 10.1086/jar.66.3.20798830google scholar: lookup
  6. Anthony DW, Brown DR. Eneolithic horse rituals and riding in the steppes: new evidence. Prehistoric Steppe adaptation and the horse 2003:55–68.
  7. Aquadro CF, Greenberg BD. Human mitochondrial DNA variation and evolution: analysis of nucleotide sequences from seven individuals.. Genetics 1983 Feb;103(2):287-312.
    doi: 10.1093/genetics/103.2.287pmc: PMC1219980pubmed: 6299878google scholar: lookup
  8. Benecke N, von den Driesch A. Horse exploitation in the Kazakh steppes during the Eneolithic and Bronze Age. Prehistoric steppe adaptation and the horse 2003:69–82.
  9. Bower MA, Campana MG, Nisbet RER, Weller R, Whitten M, Edwards CJ, Stock F, Barrett E, O’Connell TC, Hill EW, Wilson AM, Howe CJ, Barker G, Binns M. Truth in the bones: Resolving the identity of the founding elite thoroughbred racehorses. Archaeometry 2012;54.
    doi: 10.1111/j.1475-4754.2012.00666.xgoogle scholar: lookup
  10. Bowling AT, Del Valle A, Bowling M. A pedigree-based study of mitochondrial D-loop DNA sequence variation among Arabian horses.. Anim Genet 2000 Feb;31(1):1-7.
    doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2052.2000.00558.xpubmed: 10690354google scholar: lookup
  11. Bruford MW, Bradley DG, Luikart G. DNA markers reveal the complexity of livestock domestication.. Nat Rev Genet 2003 Nov;4(11):900-10.
    doi: 10.1038/nrg1203pubmed: 14634637google scholar: lookup
  12. Cann RL, Brown WM, Wilson AC. Polymorphic sites and the mechanism of evolution in human mitochondrial DNA.. Genetics 1984 Mar;106(3):479-99.
    doi: 10.1093/genetics/106.3.479pmc: PMC1224251pubmed: 6323246google scholar: lookup
  13. Cardinali I, Lancioni H, Giontella A, Capodiferro MR, Capomaccio S, Buttazzoni L, Biggio GP, Cherchi R, Albertini E, Olivieri A, Cappelli K, Achilli A, Silvestrelli M. An Overview of Ten Italian Horse Breeds through Mitochondrial DNA.. PLoS One 2016;11(4):e0153004.
    doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0153004pmc: PMC4824442pubmed: 27054850google scholar: lookup
  14. Cieslak M, Pruvost M, Benecke N, Hofreiter M, Morales A, Reissmann M, Ludwig A. Origin and history of mitochondrial DNA lineages in domestic horses.. PLoS One 2010 Dec 20;5(12):e15311.
    doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0015311pmc: PMC3004868pubmed: 21187961google scholar: lookup
  15. Dhorne-Pollet S, Barrey E, Pollet N. A new method for long-read sequencing of animal mitochondrial genomes: application to the identification of equine mitochondrial DNA variants.. BMC Genomics 2020 Nov 11;21(1):785.
    doi: 10.1186/s12864-020-07183-9pmc: PMC7661214pubmed: 33176683google scholar: lookup
  16. Fages A, Hanghøj K, Khan N, Gaunitz C, Seguin-Orlando A, Leonardi M, McCrory Constantz C, Gamba C, Al-Rasheid KAS, Albizuri S, Alfarhan AH, Allentoft M, Alquraishi S, Anthony D, Baimukhanov N, Barrett JH, Bayarsaikhan J, Benecke N, Bernáldez-Sánchez E, Berrocal-Rangel L, Biglari F, Boessenkool S, Boldgiv B, Brem G, Brown D, Burger J, Crubézy E, Daugnora L, Davoudi H, de Barros Damgaard P, de Los Ángeles de Chorro Y de Villa-Ceballos M, Deschler-Erb S, Detry C, Dill N, do Mar Oom M, Dohr A, Ellingvåg S, Erdenebaatar D, Fathi H, Felkel S, Fernández-Rodríguez C, García-Viñas E, Germonpré M, Granado JD, Hallsson JH, Hemmer H, Hofreiter M, Kasparov A, Khasanov M, Khazaeli R, Kosintsev P, Kristiansen K, Kubatbek T, Kuderna L, Kuznetsov P, Laleh H, Leonard JA, Lhuillier J, Liesau von Lettow-Vorbeck C, Logvin A, Lõugas L, Ludwig A, Luis C, Arruda AM, Marques-Bonet T, Matoso Silva R, Merz V, Mijiddorj E, Miller BK, Monchalov O, Mohaseb FA, Morales A, Nieto-Espinet A, Nistelberger H, Onar V, Pálsdóttir AH, Pitulko V, Pitskhelauri K, Pruvost M, Rajic Sikanjic P, Rapan Papeša A, Roslyakova N, Sardari A, Sauer E, Schafberg R, Scheu A, Schibler J, Schlumbaum A, Serrand N, Serres-Armero A, Shapiro B, Sheikhi Seno S, Shevnina I, Shidrang S, Southon J, Star B, Sykes N, Taheri K, Taylor W, Teegen WR, Trbojević Vukičević T, Trixl S, Tumen D, Undrakhbold S, Usmanova E, Vahdati A, Valenzuela-Lamas S, Viegas C, Wallner B, Weinstock J, Zaibert V, Clavel B, Lepetz S, Mashkour M, Helgason A, Stefánsson K, Barrey E, Willerslev E, Outram AK, Librado P, Orlando L. Tracking Five Millennia of Horse Management with Extensive Ancient Genome Time Series.. Cell 2019 May 30;177(6):1419-1435.e31.
    pmc: PMC6547883pubmed: 31056281doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2019.03.049google scholar: lookup
  17. Freeman AR, Bradley DG, Nagda S, Gibson JP, Hanotte O. Combination of multiple microsatellite data sets to investigate genetic diversity and admixture of domestic cattle.. Anim Genet 2006 Feb;37(1):1-9.
    doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2052.2005.01363.xpubmed: 16441289google scholar: lookup
  18. Gáspárdy A, Wagenhoffer Z, Fürlinger D, Halmágyi M, Bodó I, Lancioni H, Maróti-Agóts Á. Matrilineal Composition of the Reconstructed Stock of the Szekler Horse Breed. Agriculture 2023;13:456.
  19. Głazewska I. Speculations on the origin of the Arabian horse breed. Livest Sci 2010;129.
    doi: 10.1016/j.livsci.2009.12.009google scholar: lookup
  20. Hendricks B. International encyclopedia of horse breeds. University of Oklahoma press; 1995.
  21. Hill EW, Bradley DG, Al-Barody M, Ertugrul O, Splan RK, Zakharov I, Cunningham EP. History and integrity of thoroughbred dam lines revealed in equine mtDNA variation.. Anim Genet 2002 Aug;33(4):287-94.
    doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2052.2002.00870.xpubmed: 12139508google scholar: lookup
  22. Hutchison CA 3rd, Newbold JE, Potter SS, Edgell MH. Maternal inheritance of mammalian mitochondrial DNA.. Nature 1974 Oct 11;251(5475):536-8.
    doi: 10.1038/251536a0pubmed: 4423884google scholar: lookup
  23. Ishida N, Hasegawa T, Takeda K, Sakagami M, Onishi A, Inumaru S, Komatsu M, Mukoyama H. Polymorphic sequence in the D-loop region of equine mitochondrial DNA.. Anim Genet 1994 Aug;25(4):215-21.
    doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2052.1994.tb00196.xpubmed: 7985837google scholar: lookup
  24. Ishida N, Oyunsuren T, Mashima S, Mukoyama H, Saitou N. Mitochondrial DNA sequences of various species of the genus Equus with special reference to the phylogenetic relationship between Przewalskii's wild horse and domestic horse.. J Mol Evol 1995 Aug;41(2):180-8.
    doi: 10.1007/BF00170671pubmed: 7666447google scholar: lookup
  25. Jansen T, Forster P, Levine MA, Oelke H, Hurles M, Renfrew C, Weber J, Olek K. Mitochondrial DNA and the origins of the domestic horse.. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2002 Aug 6;99(16):10905-10.
    doi: 10.1073/pnas.152330099pmc: PMC125071pubmed: 12130666google scholar: lookup
  26. Kavar T, Dovč P. Domestication of the horse: Genetic relationships between domestic and wild horses. Livest Sci 2008.
    doi: 10.1016/j.livsci.2008.03.002google scholar: lookup
  27. Khanshour A, Conant E, Juras R, Cothran EG. Microsatellite analysis of genetic diversity and population structure of Arabian horse populations.. J Hered 2013 May-Jun;104(3):386-98.
    doi: 10.1093/jhered/est003pubmed: 23450090google scholar: lookup
  28. Khanshour AM, Cothran EG. Maternal phylogenetic relationships and genetic variation among Arabian horse populations using whole mitochondrial DNA D-loop sequencing.. BMC Genet 2013 Sep 13;14:83.
    doi: 10.1186/1471-2156-14-83pmc: PMC3847362pubmed: 24034565google scholar: lookup
  29. Kuzmina EE. Origins of pastoralism in the Eurasian steppes. Prehistoric Steppe Adaptation and the Horse 2003:203.
  30. Lanave C, Tommasi S, Preparata G, Saccone C. Transition and transversion rate in the evolution of animal mitochondrial DNA.. Biosystems 1986;19(4):273-83.
    doi: 10.1016/0303-2647(86)90004-3pubmed: 3801602google scholar: lookup
  31. Levine MA. The origins of horse husbandry on the Eurasian steppe. Late prehistoric exploitation of the Eurasian steppe 1999:5–58.
  32. Librado P, Khan N, Fages A, Kusliy MA, Suchan T, Tonasso-Calvière L, Schiavinato S, Alioglu D, Fromentier A, Perdereau A, Aury JM, Gaunitz C, Chauvey L, Seguin-Orlando A, Der Sarkissian C, Southon J, Shapiro B, Tishkin AA, Kovalev AA, Alquraishi S, Alfarhan AH, Al-Rasheid KAS, Seregély T, Klassen L, Iversen R, Bignon-Lau O, Bodu P, Olive M, Castel JC, Boudadi-Maligne M, Alvarez N, Germonpré M, Moskal-Del Hoyo M, Wilczyński J, Pospuła S, Lasota-Kuś A, Tunia K, Nowak M, Rannamäe E, Saarma U, Boeskorov G, Lōugas L, Kyselý R, Peške L, Bălășescu A, Dumitrașcu V, Dobrescu R, Gerber D, Kiss V, Szécsényi-Nagy A, Mende BG, Gallina Z, Somogyi K, Kulcsár G, Gál E, Bendrey R, Allentoft ME, Sirbu G, Dergachev V, Shephard H, Tomadini N, Grouard S, Kasparov A, Basilyan AE, Anisimov MA, Nikolskiy PA, Pavlova EY, Pitulko V, Brem G, Wallner B, Schwall C, Keller M, Kitagawa K, Bessudnov AN, Bessudnov A, Taylor W, Magail J, Gantulga JO, Bayarsaikhan J, Erdenebaatar D, Tabaldiev K, Mijiddorj E, Boldgiv B, Tsagaan T, Pruvost M, Olsen S, Makarewicz CA, Valenzuela Lamas S, Albizuri Canadell S, Nieto Espinet A, Iborra MP, Lira Garrido J, Rodríguez González E, Celestino S, Olària C, Arsuaga JL, Kotova N, Pryor A, Crabtree P, Zhumatayev R, Toleubaev A, Morgunova NL, Kuznetsova T, Lordkipanize D, Marzullo M, Prato O, Bagnasco Gianni G, Tecchiati U, Clavel B, Lepetz S, Davoudi H, Mashkour M, Berezina NY, Stockhammer PW, Krause J, Haak W, Morales-Muñiz A, Benecke N, Hofreiter M, Ludwig A, Graphodatsky AS, Peters J, Kiryushin KY, Iderkhangai TO, Bokovenko NA, Vasiliev SK, Seregin NN, Chugunov KV, Plasteeva NA, Baryshnikov GF, Petrova E, Sablin M, Ananyevskaya E, Logvin A, Shevnina I, Logvin V, Kalieva S, Loman V, Kukushkin I, Merz I, Merz V, Sakenov S, Varfolomeyev V, Usmanova E, Zaibert V, Arbuckle B, Belinskiy AB, Kalmykov A, Reinhold S, Hansen S, Yudin AI, Vybornov AA, Epimakhov A, Berezina NS, Roslyakova N, Kosintsev PA, Kuznetsov PF, Anthony D, Kroonen GJ, Kristiansen K, Wincker P, Outram A, Orlando L. The origins and spread of domestic horses from the Western Eurasian steppes.. Nature 2021 Oct;598(7882):634-640.
    pmc: PMC8550961pubmed: 34671162doi: 10.1038/s41586-021-04018-9google scholar: lookup
  33. Lindgren G, Backström N, Swinburne J, Hellborg L, Einarsson A, Sandberg K, Cothran G, Vilà C, Binns M, Ellegren H. Limited number of patrilines in horse domestication.. Nat Genet 2004 Apr;36(4):335-6.
    doi: 10.1038/ng1326pubmed: 15034578google scholar: lookup
  34. Ling Y, Ma Y, Guan W, Cheng Y, Wang Y, Han J, Jin D, Mang L, Mahmut H. Identification of Y chromosome genetic variations in Chinese indigenous horse breeds.. J Hered 2010 Sep-Oct;101(5):639-43.
    doi: 10.1093/jhered/esq047pubmed: 20497969google scholar: lookup
  35. Lippold S, Matzke NJ, Reissmann M, Hofreiter M. Whole mitochondrial genome sequencing of domestic horses reveals incorporation of extensive wild horse diversity during domestication.. BMC Evol Biol 2011 Nov 14;11:328.
    doi: 10.1186/1471-2148-11-328pmc: PMC3247663pubmed: 22082251google scholar: lookup
  36. Lopes MS, Mendonça D, Cymbron T, Valera M, da Costa-Ferreira J, Machado Ada C. The Lusitano horse maternal lineage based on mitochondrial D-loop sequence variation.. Anim Genet 2005 Jun;36(3):196-202.
    doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2052.2005.01279.xpubmed: 15932397google scholar: lookup
  37. Luís C, Bastos-Silveira C, Cothran EG, Oom Mdo M. Iberian origins of New World horse breeds.. J Hered 2006 Mar-Apr;97(2):107-13.
    doi: 10.1093/jhered/esj020pubmed: 16489143google scholar: lookup
  38. McGahern A, Bower MA, Edwards CJ, Brophy PO, Sulimova G, Zakharov I, Vizuete-Forster M, Levine M, Li S, MacHugh DE, Hill EW. Evidence for biogeographic patterning of mitochondrial DNA sequences in Eastern horse populations.. Anim Genet 2006 Oct;37(5):494-7.
    doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2052.2006.01495.xpubmed: 16978180google scholar: lookup
  39. Moridi M, Masoudi AA, Vaez Torshizi R, Hill EW. Mitochondrial DNA D-loop sequence variation in maternal lineages of Iranian native horses.. Anim Genet 2013 Apr;44(2):209-13.
    doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2052.2012.02389.xpubmed: 22732008google scholar: lookup
  40. Myćka G, Klecel W, Stefaniuk-Szmukier M, Jaworska J, Musiał AD, Ropka-Molik K. Mitochondrial Whole D-Loop Variability in Polish Draft Horses of Sztumski Subtype.. Animals (Basel) 2022 Jul 22;12(15).
    pmc: PMC9332387pubmed: 35892520doi: 10.3390/ani12151870google scholar: lookup
  41. Olsen SL. The exploitation of horses at Botai, Kazakhstan. Prehistoric steppe adaptation and the horse 2003:83–104.
  42. Orlando L. Ancient Genomes Reveal Unexpected Horse Domestication and Management Dynamics.. Bioessays 2020 Jan;42(1):e1900164.
    doi: 10.1002/bies.201900164pubmed: 31808562google scholar: lookup
  43. Pereira L, Freitas F, Fernandes V, Pereira JB, Costa MD, Costa S, Máximo V, Macaulay V, Rocha R, Samuels DC. The diversity present in 5140 human mitochondrial genomes.. Am J Hum Genet 2009 May;84(5):628-40.
    doi: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2009.04.013pmc: PMC2681004pubmed: 19426953google scholar: lookup
  44. Petersen JL, Mickelson JR, Cothran EG, Andersson LS, Axelsson J, Bailey E, Bannasch D, Binns MM, Borges AS, Brama P, da Câmara Machado A, Distl O, Felicetti M, Fox-Clipsham L, Graves KT, Guérin G, Haase B, Hasegawa T, Hemmann K, Hill EW, Leeb T, Lindgren G, Lohi H, Lopes MS, McGivney BA, Mikko S, Orr N, Penedo MC, Piercy RJ, Raekallio M, Rieder S, Røed KH, Silvestrelli M, Swinburne J, Tozaki T, Vaudin M, M Wade C, McCue ME. Genetic diversity in the modern horse illustrated from genome-wide SNP data.. PLoS One 2013;8(1):e54997.
    doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0054997pmc: PMC3559798pubmed: 23383025google scholar: lookup
  45. Pruski W. Dwa wieki polskiej hodowli koni arabskich (1778-1978) i jej sukcesy na świecie. Państwowe Wydawnictwo Rolnicze i Lesne; 1983.
  46. Raudsepp T, Finno CJ, Bellone RR, Petersen JL. Ten years of the horse reference genome: insights into equine biology, domestication and population dynamics in the post-genome era.. Anim Genet 2019 Dec;50(6):569-597.
    doi: 10.1111/age.12857pmc: PMC6825885pubmed: 31568563google scholar: lookup
  47. Remer V, Bozlak E, Felkel S, Radovic L, Rigler D, Grilz-Seger G, Stefaniuk-Szmukier M, Bugno-Poniewierska M, Brooks S, Miller DC, Antczak DF, Sadeghi R, Cothran G, Juras R, Khanshour AM, Rieder S, Penedo MC, Waiditschka G, Kalinkova L, Kalashnikov VV, Zaitsev AM, Almarzook S, Reißmann M, Brockmann GA, Brem G, Wallner B. Y-Chromosomal Insights into Breeding History and Sire Line Genealogies of Arabian Horses.. Genes (Basel) 2022 Jan 26;13(2).
    pmc: PMC8871751pubmed: 35205275doi: 10.3390/genes13020229google scholar: lookup
  48. Royo LJ, Alvarez I, Beja-Pereira A, Molina A, Fernández I, Jordana J, Gómez E, Gutiérrez JP, Goyache F. The origins of Iberian horses assessed via mitochondrial DNA.. J Hered 2005 Nov-Dec;96(6):663-9.
    doi: 10.1093/jhered/esi116pubmed: 16251517google scholar: lookup
  49. Sheikh A, Ahmed M, Mutawakil M, Saini K, Alsulaimany F, Hanafy A, Sabir J. SNP mapping and phylogenetic analysis of Saudi Arabian horse breeds based on mitochondrial genome sequencing. Indian Journal of Experimental Biology (IJEB) 2019.
  50. Tamura K, Stecher G, Peterson D, Filipski A, Kumar S. MEGA6: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis version 6.0.. Mol Biol Evol 2013 Dec;30(12):2725-9.
    doi: 10.1093/molbev/mst197pmc: PMC3840312pubmed: 24132122google scholar: lookup
  51. Vilà C, Leonard JA, Gotherstrom A, Marklund S, Sandberg K, Liden K, Wayne RK, Ellegren H. Widespread origins of domestic horse lineages.. Science 2001 Jan 19;291(5503):474-7.
    doi: 10.1126/science.291.5503.474pubmed: 11161199google scholar: lookup
  52. Vilstrup JT, Seguin-Orlando A, Stiller M, Ginolhac A, Raghavan M, Nielsen SC, Weinstock J, Froese D, Vasiliev SK, Ovodov ND, Clary J, Helgen KM, Fleischer RC, Cooper A, Shapiro B, Orlando L. Mitochondrial phylogenomics of modern and ancient equids.. PLoS One 2013;8(2):e55950.
    pmc: PMC3577844pubmed: 23437078doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0055950google scholar: lookup
  53. Wallner B, Vogl C, Shukla P, Burgstaller JP, Druml T, Brem G. Identification of genetic variation on the horse y chromosome and the tracing of male founder lineages in modern breeds.. PLoS One 2013;8(4):e60015.
    doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0060015pmc: PMC3616054pubmed: 23573227google scholar: lookup
  54. Wang Y, Shen Y, Feng C, Zhao K, Song Z, Zhang Y, Yang L, He S. Mitogenomic perspectives on the origin of Tibetan loaches and their adaptation to high altitude.. Sci Rep 2016 Jul 15;6:29690.
    doi: 10.1038/srep29690pmc: PMC4945904pubmed: 27417983google scholar: lookup
  55. Xu X, Arnason U. The complete mitochondrial DNA sequence of the horse, Equus caballus: extensive heteroplasmy of the control region.. Gene 1994 Oct 21;148(2):357-62.
    doi: 10.1016/0378-1119(94)90713-7pubmed: 7958969google scholar: lookup
  56. Xu S, Luosang J, Hua S, He J, Ciren A, Wang W, Tong X, Liang Y, Wang J, Zheng X. High altitude adaptation and phylogenetic analysis of Tibetan horse based on the mitochondrial genome.. J Genet Genomics 2007 Aug;34(8):720-9.
    pubmed: 17707216doi: 10.1016/s1673-8527(07)60081-2google scholar: lookup
  57. Zechner P, Sölkner J, Bodo I, Druml T, Baumung R, Achmann R, Marti E, Habe F, Brem G. Analysis of diversity and population structure in the Lipizzan horse breed based on pedigree information. Livest Prod Sci 2002;77.
    doi: 10.1016/S0301-6226(02)00079-9google scholar: lookup
  58. Zhao Q, Kang Y, Pu Y, Niu L, Guan W, He X, Zhang H, Lim H, Ma Y, Zhong T. Primer effect in the detection of mtDNA heteroplasmy: insights from horse Cytochrome b gene.. Mitochondrial DNA 2015 Apr;26(2):178-81.
    doi: 10.3109/19401736.2013.855924pubmed: 24409928google scholar: lookup

Citations

This article has been cited 2 times.
  1. Agbani A, Aminou O, Machmoum M, Germot A, Badaoui B, Petit D, Piro M. A Systematic Literature Review of Mitochondrial DNA Analysis for Horse Genetic Diversity. Animals (Basel) 2025 Mar 20;15(6).
    doi: 10.3390/ani15060885pubmed: 40150414google scholar: lookup
  2. Ahlawat S, Sharma U, Niranjan SK, Chhabra P, Arora R, Sharma R, Singh KV, Vijh RK, Mehta SC. Unraveling the maternal heritage: identifying the complex origins of indigenous Indian horse and pony breeds through mitochondrial genome analysis. Mamm Genome 2025 Mar;36(1):118-128.
    doi: 10.1007/s00335-024-10089-6pubmed: 39630294google scholar: lookup
Subscribe to our newsletter
Join 99,005 horse owners like you who receive our email updates on horse health and nutrition.