FREE SHIPPING over $40
OVER 9000 FIVE-STAR REVIEWS
5% OFF ALL SUBSCRIPTIONS
100% HAPPINESS GUARANTEE
Analyze Diet
0
Home / Equine Research Bank / Animals (Basel) / Mitochondrial Whole D-Loop Variability in Polish Draft Horse...
Animals : an open access journal from MDPI2022; 12(15); doi: 10.3390/ani12151870

Mitochondrial Whole D-Loop Variability in Polish Draft Horses of Sztumski Subtype.

Abstract: The Polish draft horse (PDH) breed is a result of crossing local mares with imported cold-blooded stallions, such as Belgians, Ardennes, Fjords, and others. A part of the broodmare stock investigated in this study was also imported from various countries, such as Denmark. In this study, we investigate the genetic composition of the PDH by analyzing the whole mitochondrial d-loop variability and comparing it to previously demonstrated whole d-loop sequences of other cold-blooded breeds: Ardennais, Belgian, Breton, Clydesdale, Noriker, Norwegian Fjord, Percheron, and Suffolk. Our results show high nucleotide diversity within the PDH population (π = 0.011), and the existence of two main haplogroups: one of relatively concise origin, with strong kinship to the Belgian breed, and the second showing close relation to the majority of other analyzed cold-blooded breeds. Some of the PDH maternal strains clustered separately, which can be a result of the influence of other unidentified breeds that served as a foundation stock for the present population. This present study explains the genetic relationship of the PDH to other cold-blooded breeds and indicates the high genetic diversity of the breed.
Get Full Text
Publication Date: 2022-07-22 PubMed ID: 35892520PubMed Central: PMC9332387DOI: 10.3390/ani12151870Google Scholar: Lookup
The Equine Research Bank provides access to a large database of publicly available scientific literature. Inclusion in the Research Bank does not imply endorsement of study methods or findings by Mad Barn.
LinkedInCopy
  • Journal Article

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research article discusses an analysis of the genetic structure of the Polish draft horse, particularly focusing on aspects related to the mitochondrial d-loop. The results indicate high genetic diversity within the horse population and also identify two primary subgroups based on close genetic relationship to other specific horse breeds.

Background and Methods Used

  • The Polish draft horse (PDH) is a breed that resulted from crossbreeding local females with imported cold-blooded stallions belonging to several breeds such as Belgians, Ardennes, Fjords and others. The study also included some breed stock imported from a few countries, like Denmark.
  • The researchers worked to analyze the genetic composition of PDHs. To do this, they studied the “whole mitochondrial d-loop variability” which is a measure of the variation in the mitochondrial DNA of the horses. They then compared this information with previously analyzed data from other cold-blooded horse breeds.

Results of the Study

  • The investigations concluded that there is a high nucleotide diversity within the PDHs’ population. Nucleotide diversity refers to the level of genetic variation in a given population, in this case, the PDHs.
  • They also found two major haplogroups within the PDHs’ population. Haplogroups are genetically inherited clusters or groups.
  • The first group appeared to have a concise (defined or clear-cut) origin and demonstrated a strong kinship or genetic relation to the Belgian breed.
  • The second group was closely related to most of the other cold-blooded breeds that were analyzed in this study.
  • Interestingly, researchers noted that some of the PDH maternal strains formed unique clusters, implying that they could be influenced by other unidentified breeds which served as foundation stock for the existing population.

Conclusion and significance of the Study

  • The researchers concluded that the PDHs hold high genetic diversity based on their findings.
  • The study helps to understand the genetic relationship of PDHs with other cold-blooded breeds, providing valuable insights into genetic lineage and diversity.
  • Such information may be important for breed management, conservation, and understanding the genetic basis of specific traits in these horses.

Cite This Article

APA
Myćka G, Klecel W, Stefaniuk-Szmukier M, Jaworska J, Musiał AD, Ropka-Molik K. (2022). Mitochondrial Whole D-Loop Variability in Polish Draft Horses of Sztumski Subtype. Animals (Basel), 12(15). https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12151870

Publication

Animals : an open access journal from MDPI
ISSN: 2076-2615
NlmUniqueID: 101635614
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 12
Issue: 15

Researcher Affiliations

Myćka, Grzegorz
  • Department of Biotechnology and Horticulture, University of Agriculture in Kraków, al. 29 Listopada 54, 31-425 Kraków, Poland.
Klecel, Weronika
  • Department of Animal Genetics and Conservation, Institute of Animal Science, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, ul. Ciszewskiego 8, 02-786 Warsaw, Poland.
Stefaniuk-Szmukier, Monika
  • Department of Animal Genomics and Molecular Biology, National Research Institute of Animal Production, ul. Krakowska 1, 32-083 Balice, Poland.
Jaworska, Joanna
  • Department of Gamete and Embryo Biology, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, 10-747 Olsztyn, Poland.
Musiał, Adrianna Dominika
  • Department of Animal Genomics and Molecular Biology, National Research Institute of Animal Production, ul. Krakowska 1, 32-083 Balice, Poland.
Ropka-Molik, Katarzyna
  • Department of Animal Genomics and Molecular Biology, National Research Institute of Animal Production, ul. Krakowska 1, 32-083 Balice, Poland.

Grant Funding

  • 01-18-08-11 / National Research Institute of Animal Production

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

References

This article includes 32 references
  1. Dashper K. Listening to Horses Developing Attentive Interspecies Relationships through Sport and Leisure. Soc. Anim. 2017;25:207–224.
    doi: 10.1163/15685306-12341426google scholar: lookup
  2. Gurgul A, Jasielczuk I, Semik-Gurgul E, Pawlina-Tyszko K, Szmatoła T, Polak G, Bugno-Poniewierska M. Genetic differentiation of the two types of Polish cold-blooded horses included in the national conservation program. Animals 2020;10:542.
    doi: 10.3390/ani10030542pmc: PMC7143816pubmed: 32214005google scholar: lookup
  3. Niewiński W, Gawarecki J, Kopczyk A, Masłowski M, Morawiec M, Strzelecki H, Woźbińska M, Jaworski Z, Jastrzębska E, Polak G. Program Hodowli Koni Zimnokrwistych. .
  4. Polak G. Genetic variability of cold-blooded horses participating in genetic resources conservation programs, using pedigree analysis. Ann. Anim. Sci. 2019;19:49–60.
    doi: 10.2478/aoas-2018-0047google scholar: lookup
  5. Toro M.A., Fernández J, Caballero A. Molecular characterization of breeds and its use in conservation. Livest. Sci. 2009;120:174–195.
    doi: 10.1016/j.livsci.2008.07.003google scholar: lookup
  6. Polak G, Gurgul A, Jasielczuk I, Szmatoła T, Krupiński J, Bugno-Poniewierska M. Suitability of pedigree information and genomic methods for analyzing inbreeding of Polish cold-blooded horses covered by conservation programs. Genes 2021;12:429.
    doi: 10.3390/genes12030429pmc: PMC8002693pubmed: 33802830google scholar: lookup
  7. Yang L, Kong X, Yang S, Dong X, Yang J, Gou X, Zhang H. Haplotype diversity in mitochondrial DNA reveals the multiple origins of Tibetan horse. PLoS ONE 2018;13:e0201564.
    doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0201564pmc: PMC6063445pubmed: 30052677google scholar: lookup
  8. Noda A, Yonesaka R, Sasazaki S, Mannen H. The mtDNA haplogroup P of modern Asian cattle: A genetic legacy of Asian aurochs?. PLoS ONE 2018;13:e0190937.
    doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0190937pmc: PMC5755918pubmed: 29304129google scholar: lookup
  9. Deng J, Xie X.L., Wang D.F., Zhao C, Lv F.H., Li X, Yang J, Yu J.L., Shen M, Gao L. Paternal Origins and Migratory Episodes of Domestic Sheep. Curr. Biol. 2020;30:4085–4095.e6.
    doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2020.07.077pubmed: 32822607google scholar: lookup
  10. Xiufeng X, Árnason Ú. The complete mitochondrial DNA sequence of the horse, Equus caballus: Extensive heteroplasmy of the control region. Gene 1994;148:357–362.
    doi: 10.1016/0378-1119(94)90713-7pubmed: 7958969google scholar: lookup
  11. Ishida N, Hasegawa T, Takeda K, Sakagami M, Onishi A, Inumaru S, Komatsu M, Mukoyama H. Polymorphic sequence in the D-loop region of equine mitochondrial DNA. Anim. Genet. 1994;25:215–221.
    doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2052.1994.tb00196.xpubmed: 7985837google scholar: lookup
  12. Lancioni H, Cardinali I, Giontella A, Antognoni M.T., Miglio A. Mitochondrial DNA variation in the Italian Heavy Draught Horse. PeerJ 2020;2020:e8996.
    doi: 10.7717/peerj.8996pmc: PMC7233276pubmed: 32461825google scholar: lookup
  13. Giontella A, Sarti F.M., Cardinali I, Giovannini S, Cherchi R, Lancioni H, Silvestrelli M, Pieramati C. Genetic variability and population structure in the sardinian Anglo-Arab horse. Animals 2020;10:1018.
    doi: 10.3390/ani10061018pmc: PMC7341272pubmed: 32545354google scholar: lookup
  14. Kvist L, Niskanen M, Mannermaa K, Wutke S, Aspi J. Genetic variability and history of a native Finnish horse breed. Genet. Sel. Evol. 2019;51:35.
    doi: 10.1186/s12711-019-0480-8pmc: PMC6604459pubmed: 31262246google scholar: lookup
  15. Cieslak J, Wodas L, Borowska A, Cothran E.G., Khanshour A.M., Mackowski M. Characterization of the Polish Primitive Horse (Konik) maternal lines using mitochondrial D-loop sequence variation. PeerJ 2017;2017:e3714.
    doi: 10.7717/peerj.3714pmc: PMC5572418pubmed: 28852595google scholar: lookup
  16. Iwańczyk E, Juras R, Cholewiński G, Cothran E.G.. Genetic structure and phylogenetic relationships of the Polish Heavy Horse. J. Appl. Genet. 2006;47:353–359.
    doi: 10.1007/BF03194645pubmed: 17132900google scholar: lookup
  17. Lippold S, Matzke N.J., Reissmann M, Hofreiter M. Whole mitochondrial genome sequencing of domestic horses reveals incorporation of extensive wild horse diversity during domestication. BMC Evol. Biol. 2011;11:328.
    doi: 10.1186/1471-2148-11-328pmc: PMC3247663pubmed: 22082251google scholar: lookup
  18. Flannery A.R., Cothran E.G.. Mitochondrial DNA Sequence Variation and the Domestication Pattern of the Horse. 2003.
  19. Achilli A, Olivieri A, Soares P, Lancioni H, Kashani B.H., Perego U.A., Nergadze S.G., Carossa V, Santagostino M, Capomaccio S. Mitochondrial genomes from modern horses reveal the major haplogroups that underwent domestication. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2012;109:2449–2454.
    doi: 10.1073/pnas.1111637109pmc: PMC3289334pubmed: 22308342google scholar: lookup
  20. Wada K, Yokohama M. Whole Mitochondrial Genome Analysis Reveals that Hokkaido Population of the Japanese Native Horse is Composed of Two Divergent Maternal Lineages. 2013.
  21. Orlando L, Ginolhac A, Zhang G, Froese D, Albrechtsen A, Stiller M, Schubert M, Cappellini E, Petersen B, Moltke I. Recalibrating equus evolution using the genome sequence of an early Middle Pleistocene horse. Nature 2013;499:74–78.
    doi: 10.1038/nature12323pubmed: 23803765google scholar: lookup
  22. Untergasser A, Cutcutache I, Koressaar T, Ye J, Faircloth B.C., Remm M, Rozen S.G.. Primer3-new capabilities and interfaces. Nucleic Acids Res. 2012;40:e115.
    doi: 10.1093/nar/gks596pmc: PMC3424584pubmed: 22730293google scholar: lookup
  23. Nergadze S.G., Lupotto M, Pellanda P, Santagostino M, Vitelli V, Giulotto E. Mitochondrial DNA insertions in the nuclear horse genome. Anim. Genet. 2010;41:176–185.
    doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2052.2010.02130.xpubmed: 21070293google scholar: lookup
  24. Altschul S.F., Gish W, Miller W, Myers E.W., Lipman D.J.. Basic local alignment search tool. J. Mol. Biol. 1990;215:403–410.
    doi: 10.1016/S0022-2836(05)80360-2pubmed: 2231712google scholar: lookup
  25. Rozas J, Ferrer-Mata A, Sanchez-DelBarrio J.C., Guirao-Rico S, Librado P, Ramos-Onsins S.E., Sanchez-Gracia A. DnaSP 6: DNA sequence polymorphism analysis of large data sets. Mol. Biol. Evol. 2017;34:3299–3302.
    doi: 10.1093/molbev/msx248pubmed: 29029172google scholar: lookup
  26. Tamura K, Stecher G, Kumar S. MEGA11: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis Version 11. Mol. Biol. Evol. 2021;38:3022–3027.
    doi: 10.1093/molbev/msab120pmc: PMC8233496pubmed: 33892491google scholar: lookup
  27. Bandelt H.-J., Forster P, Rohl A. Median-Joining Networks for Inferring Intraspecific Phylogenies. Mol. Biol. Evol. 1999;16:37–48.
    doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a026036pubmed: 10331250google scholar: lookup
  28. Leigh J.W., Bryant D. POPART: Full-feature software for haplotype network construction. Methods Ecol. Evol. 2015;6:1110–1116.
    doi: 10.1111/2041-210X.12410google scholar: lookup
  29. Vilà C, Leonard J.A., Götherström A, Marklund S, Sandberg K, Lidén K, Wayne R.K., Ellegren H. Widespread origins of domestic horse lineages. Science 2001;291:474–477.
    doi: 10.1126/science.291.5503.474pubmed: 11161199google scholar: lookup
  30. Polak G, Krupiński J, Martyniuk E, Calik J, Kawęcka A, Krawczyk J, Majewska A, Sikora J, Sosin-Bzducha E, Szyndler-Nędza M. The risk status of Polish local breeds under conservation programmes—New approach. Ann. Anim. Sci. 2021;21:125–140.
    doi: 10.2478/aoas-2020-0071google scholar: lookup
  31. Lynch M, Ackerman M.S., Gout J.F., Long H, Sung W, Thomas W.K., Foster P.L.. Genetic drift, selection and the evolution of the mutation rate. Nat. Rev. Genet. 2016;17:704–714.
    doi: 10.1038/nrg.2016.104pubmed: 27739533google scholar: lookup
  32. Druml T, Baumung R, Sölkner J. Pedigree analysis in the Austrian Noriker draught horse: Genetic diversity and the impact of breeding for coat colour on population structure. J. Anim. Breed. Genet. 2009;126:348–356.
    doi: 10.1111/j.1439-0388.2008.00790.xpubmed: 19765161google scholar: lookup
Subscribe to our newsletter
Join 99,344 horse owners like you who receive our email updates on horse health and nutrition.