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Home / Equine Research Bank / Mediators Inflamm / MMP-9 Concentration in Peritoneal Fluid Is a Valuable Biomar...
Mediators of inflammation2021; 2021; 9501478; doi: 10.1155/2021/9501478

MMP-9 Concentration in Peritoneal Fluid Is a Valuable Biomarker Associated with Endotoxemia in Equine Colic.

Abstract: The purpose of the study was to compare the results of sepsis scoring (clinical examination and clinical pathology) to the concentrations of matrix-metalloproteinases (MMPs) -2, -8, and -9; tissue-inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) -1 and -2; and inflammatory chemokines interleukin (IL) 1β and tumor-necrosis-factor-alpha (TNF-α) in plasma and peritoneal fluid of equine colic patients. A modified sepsis scoring including general condition, heart and respiratory rate, rectal temperature, mucous membranes, white blood cell count (WBC), and ionized calcium was applied in 47 horses presented with clinical signs of colic. Using this scoring system, horses were classified as negative (n = 32, ≤6/19 points), questionable (n = 9, 7-9/19 points), or positive (n = 6, ≥10/19 points) for sepsis. MMPs, TIMPs, IL-1β, and TNF-α concentrations were evaluated in plasma and peritoneal fluid using species-specific sandwich ELISA kits. In a linear discriminant analysis, all parameters of sepsis scoring apart from calcium separated well between sepsis severity groups (P < 0.05). MMP-9 was the only biomarker of high diagnostic value, while all others remained insignificant. A significant influence of overall sepsis scoring on MMP-9 was found for peritoneal fluid (P = 0.005) with a regression coefficient of 0.092, while no association was found for plasma (P = 0.085). Using a MMP-9 concentration of >113 ng/ml in the peritoneal fluid was found to be the ideal cutoff to identify positive sepsis scoring (≥10/19 points; sensitivity of 83.3% and specificity of 82.9%). In conclusion, MMP-9 was found to be a biomarker of high diagnostic value for sepsis and endotoxemia in equine colic. The evaluation of peritoneal fluid seems preferable in comparison to plasma. As abdominocentesis is commonly performed in the diagnostic work-up of equine colic, a pen-side assay would be useful and easy-to-perform diagnostic support in the decision for therapeutic intervention.
Copyright © 2021 Ann Kristin Barton et al.
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Publication Date: 2021-01-05 PubMed ID: 33488296PubMed Central: PMC7803393DOI: 10.1155/2021/9501478Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Journal Article

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research article investigates how measuring the concentration of matrix-metalloproteinases (MMPs) in peritoneal fluid can serve as a valuable biomarker for identifying sepsis and endotoxemia in horses exhibiting colic symptoms. Of all biomarkers studied, MMP-9 emerged as the most diagnostically significant.

Objective and Methodology of the Research

  • The researchers aimed to evaluate various biomarkers in relation to sepsis scoring, which is typically conducted through clinical examination and pathology.
  • The biomarkers studied included matrix-metalloproteinases (MMPs) -2, -8, and -9, tissue-inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) -1 and -2, and inflammatory chemokines interleukin (IL) 1 and tumor-necrosis-factor-alpha (TNF-).
  • Samples for testing these indicators were drawn from both the plasma and the peritoneal fluid of 47 horses presented with clinical symptoms of colic.
  • A modified sepsis scoring approach was developed and applied, taking into account factors such as general condition, heart and respiratory rate, rectal temperature, mucous membranes, white blood cell count (WBC), and ionized calcium.
  • Based on the score, horses were categorized as negative, questionable, or positive for sepsis.

Key Findings

  • The research found that almost all the scoring parameters, except calcium, distinguished well between sepsis severity groups.
  • Among the various biomarkers tested, MMP-9 exhibited the highest diagnostic value. The other biomarkers did not show significant diagnostic utility.
  • There was a notable association between overall sepsis scoring and MMP-9 concentration in the peritoneal fluid, while the same was not found for plasma.
  • A concentration of over 113 ng/ml of MMP-9 in the peritoneal fluid was identified as the optimal cutoff to determine positive sepsis scoring.

Conclusion and Implications

  • MMP-9 concentration in peritoneal fluid was established as a highly potent marker for diagnosing sepsis and endotoxemia in horses suffering from colic.
  • This suggests that peritoneal fluid, compared to plasma, is a more reliable source for conducting such diagnostic tests.
  • The researchers propose that, as abdominocentesis (the collection of peritoneal fluid) is a regular procedure in diagnosing equine colic, a quick and easy-to-perform “pen-side” assay to measure MMP-9 could be a valuable tool for deciding on therapeutic interventions.

Cite This Article

APA
Barton AK, Richter IG, Ahrens T, Merle R, Alalwani A, Lilge S, Purschke K, Barnewitz D, Gehlen H. (2021). MMP-9 Concentration in Peritoneal Fluid Is a Valuable Biomarker Associated with Endotoxemia in Equine Colic. Mediators Inflamm, 2021, 9501478. https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/9501478

Publication

Mediators of inflammation
ISSN: 1466-1861
NlmUniqueID: 9209001
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 2021
Pages: 9501478

Researcher Affiliations

Barton, Ann Kristin
  • Equine Clinic, Freie Universitaet Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
Richter, Ina-Gabriele
  • Research Centre of Medical Technology and Biotechnology, Bad Langensalza, Germany.
Ahrens, Tanja
  • Equine Clinic, Freie Universitaet Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
Merle, Roswitha
  • Institute for Veterinary Epidemiology, Freie Universitaet Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
Alalwani, Abdollah
  • Equine Clinic, Freie Universitaet Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
Lilge, Svenja
  • Equine Clinic, Freie Universitaet Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
Purschke, Katrin
  • Equine Clinic, Freie Universitaet Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
Barnewitz, Dirk
  • Research Centre of Medical Technology and Biotechnology, Bad Langensalza, Germany.
Gehlen, Heidrun
  • Equine Clinic, Freie Universitaet Berlin, Berlin, Germany.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Ascitic Fluid / chemistry
  • Biomarkers / metabolism
  • Colic / metabolism
  • Endotoxemia / metabolism
  • Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
  • Female
  • Horses
  • Interleukin-1beta / metabolism
  • Leukocyte Count
  • Male
  • Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 / metabolism
  • Matrix Metalloproteinase 8 / metabolism
  • Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / metabolism
  • Sepsis / blood
  • Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1 / metabolism
  • Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-2 / metabolism
  • Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare that none of them have conflicts of interest.

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